Abstract
Due to the advantage of high data rate, low transmission delay and high reliability, the application of Long Term Evolution for Vehicle (LTE-V) has got more attention on Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs). However, the fixed Road Side Units (RSUs), like Base Stations (BSs), in LTE-V have a small coverage, which need consume a large amount of energy to achieve long-distance communication. This could limit the LTE-V application in some practical situations. In this paper, we introduce Energy Harvest Road Side Units (EH-RSUs) in some low frequency service area instead of fixed-point RSUs (BSs) to reduce the cost of deployment and maintenance. Different from fixed-point RSUs with the wired electricity sources, EH-RSUs are powered by themselves and the service time is affected by battery capacity, charging speed, service radius and communication load, which need to be considered comprehensively. To solve these problems, we construct an EH-RSUs deployment model framework based on communication load conditions. Then, on the basis of this framework, we propose an optimization problem to minimize the deployment and operation cost of EH-RSUs and fixed-point RSUs, where the service radius of the EH-RSUs are taken as an optimization variable. Finally, a pre-deployment algorithm is proposed to solve the optimization problem. Simulations evaluate the validity of our proposed method. The results show that the energy consumption with the proposed method could be reduced to 60% compared with only fixed-point RSUs deployed.
Highlights
With the explosion of mobile communications in 5G, studies have shown that the Long Term Evolution for Vehicle (LTE-V) with low latency can effectively improve the safety of road traffic among vehicles [1]–[6]
We develop an analytical EH-Road Side Units (RSUs) deployment framework taking Energy Harvest Road Side Units (EH-RSUs)’ battery capacity, charging speed, service radius, communication load into account
Since there are quadratic constraints in the optimization problem, we propose a heuristic deployment algorithm that narrow down the solution search range and preset approximate optimal solution for the optimization problem
Summary
With the explosion of mobile communications in 5G, studies have shown that the LTE-V with low latency can effectively improve the safety of road traffic among vehicles [1]–[6]. Developing VANET-based services and applications were hindered due primarily to limited and often fluctuating communication capacity of VANETs that stem from the wireless and mobile nature of vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications To address this limitation, Patil and Gokhale [23] proposed a novel Voronoi network-based algorithm for the effective placement of RSUs when deployed Voronoi networks in terms of the amount of delay incurred by data packets sent over the RSUs. Javier et al [24] proposed a Density-based Road Side Unit deployment policy (D-RSU), specially designed to obtain an efficient system with the lowest possible cost to alert emergency services in case of an accident.
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