Abstract
The cassava starch wastewater contains organic materials (as BOD, COD) in high concentrations so it has the potential to cause pollution in the aquatic environment. Several methods of cassava starch wastewater treatment have been used to reduce the concentration of organic matter (pollutants) in cassava starch wastewater, including Activated Sludge, Stabilization Pond, Anaerobic-Aerobic filter process. However, various studies continue to be carried out to get higher processing efficiency on the factors that influence it. Several factors influence the efficiency of wastewater treatment processes, including the type and origin of decomposing microorganisms, hydraulic residence time (HRT), organic load rate (OLR), process design, pH, and temperature. The research aimed to evaluate the performance of the AnF2B reactor in treating cassava starch wastewater, in which the reactor performance is shown by changes in organic matter removal (COD removal) and biogas production. The research is conducted using 3 types of AnF2B reactors wherein each AnF2B reactor contains a bee nest-shaped bio-filter as a growth medium for the consortium of indigenous bacteria. The AnF2B reactor operates in anaerobic conditions with a set temperature of 29–30 °C and a pH of 4.5–7. In each AnF2B reactor, cassava starch wastewater is fed with different OLR so that each reactor has an HRT of 5, 6, and 7 days. The concentration of COD at the influent and effluent of the reactor was measured and the biogas was produced using the APHA standard method. The results showed that the AnF2B reactor had a satisfactory performance in COD removal and biogas production, which at HRT: 6 days and OLR of 1.72 g/L·day found that the maximum COD removal was 98 % and the volume of biogas of 4.8 L/L·day was produced on the 12th day
Highlights
The cassava starch wastewater (CSWW) is wastewater from washing cassava and starch extraction in the cassava starch industry where wastewater has the potential to cause pollution of the receiving water bodies, for example, anaerobic conditions, odor, dead fish [1]
Some studies on cassava starch wastewater treatment have been used both to reduce the concentration of contaminants and to produce biogas, among others: Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) [4], Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR) [5], Fixed Bed Reactor (FBR) [6], Anaerobic
The volume of biogas produced is in line with the perinfluent, hydraulic retention time (HRT), and organic loading rate (OLR), where the maximum COD remov- centage of TSS removal, and the degradation of organic al occurs on the 12th to the 13th day, and thereafter is stable materials into biogas is shown by changes in TSS removal until the 20th day
Summary
The cassava starch wastewater (CSWW) is wastewater from washing cassava and starch extraction in the cassava starch industry where wastewater has the potential to cause pollution of the receiving water bodies (rivers), for example, anaerobic conditions, odor, dead fish [1] This is because CSWW contains a high concentration of organic matter, among others: BOD (3,000–6,000 mg/L), COD (7,000–30,000 mg/L), TSS (1,500–5,000 mg/L), and pH (4–7.5) [2]. Most cassava starch industries use lagoon or activated sludge systems, where both systems have the disadvantage of producing gases such as CO2, CH4, and H2S that are released into the atmosphere so they have the potential impact on the global environment This requires a more effective study of the cassava wastewater treatment system. The results of this study are expected to be used as a reference in implementation or practice in the field
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