An Analysis of Blood Grouping Discrepancies : Study From Tertiary Hospital based Blood Bank in Vadodara

Abstract

Background:-ABO and Rhesus blood group system is considered as clinically significant blood groupsystems in transfusion practice . A feature of the ABO system is the regular occurrence of anti A and anti B inthe absence of the corresponding red cell antigen. A Discrepancy exists when results of forward testing doesnot match with reverse testing. Blood donors and patients must be correctly ABO and Rh grouped becausetransfusing ABO incompatible blood transfusions which may lead even death of patient.Aims and Objectives To assess the incidence and cause of blood grouping discrepancies in Blood Bankat Tertiary care teaching hospital during Jan 2019 to December 2019.Methods : Forward and reverse grouping were performed on blood samples from inpatients ,outpatientsand donors during the study period. ABO discrepancies were studied with their clinical details to group theirdiscrepancies and resolve them with suitable steps.Results: A total of 10,048 (patients and donors) who satisfied inclusion criteria were included and ABOtyped among which there were 55 discrepancies were observed (15 donors and 35 patients). The problemin patients was due to expression of weak antigens. The problem in patients were due to clinical conditions,the most common being autoimmune haemolytic anaemia.Conclusions: The ABO blood group discrepancy reported in present study is 0.49%. The study helped todetermine the incidence and causes of discrepancy encountered in tertiary care hospital. Discrepant resultsshould be recorded, and resolved by suitable measures and correct ABO & Rh Blood group should bereleased to avoid any mismatched transfusions.