An All-in-One Solid State Thin-Layer Potentiometric Sensor and Biosensor Based on Three-Dimensional Origami Paper Microfluidics.

Shiva Pesaran,Elmira Rafatmah,Bahram Hemmateenejad

doi:10.3390/bios11020044

Shiva Pesaran, Elmira Rafatmah + Show 1 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/bios11020044

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Journal: Biosensors	Publication Date: Feb 10, 2021
Citations: 21	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Shiraz University

Abstract

An origami three-dimensional design of a paper-based potentiometric sensor is described. In its simplest form, this electrochemical paper-based analytical device (ePAD) is made from three small parts of the paper. Paper layers are folded on each other for the integration of a solid contact ion selective electrode (here a carbon-paste composite electrode) and a solid-state pseudo-reference electrode (here writing pencil 6B on the paper), which are in contact with a hydrophilic channel fabricated on the middle part (third part) of the paper. In this case, the pseudo-reference and working electrodes are connected to the two sides of the hydrophilic channel and hence the distance between them is as low as the width of paper. The unmodified carbon paste electrode (UCPE) and modification with the crown ether benzo15-crown-5 (B15C5) represented a very high sensitivity to Cu (II) and Cd2+ ions, respectively. The sensor responded to H2O2 using MnO2-doped carbon paste electrode (CPE). Furthermore, a biosensor was achieved by the addition of glucose oxidase to the MnO2-doped CPE and hence made it selective to glucose with ultra-sensitivity. In addition to very high sensitivity, our device benefits from consuming a very low volume of sample (10.0 µL) and automatic sampling without need for sampling devices.

Highlights

Electroanalytical sensors based on ion-selective potentiometry have gained a lot of interests in analytical chemistry because of their simplicity, high speed, low cost, wide dynamic range and potential for miniaturization
The main objective of this design to decrease the distance between the indicator and the pseudo-reference electrodes which would improve the detection limit [24]
The first and the last ones are the electrode layers while the middle layer includes the sample channel

Summary

Introduction

Electroanalytical sensors based on ion-selective potentiometry have gained a lot of interests in analytical chemistry because of their simplicity, high speed, low cost, wide dynamic range and potential for miniaturization. The development of thin-layer potentiometry and solid contact ion-selective electrodes (SCISE) during the last few decades provide potentiometric sensors as an ideal candidate for fabrication of miniaturized sensors with the enhanced sensitivity and simplified construction and operation methods [2,3]. Fabrication of sensors having a lower cost (for large scale applications and using them as a point of care diagnostic tools), higher sensitivity and diminished memory effects, being easy to prepare and operate and being portable are appreciated. In this regard, paper-based analytical devices (PAD) have becoming attractive platforms for the fabrication of novel and affordable sensors ad biosensors [4]

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