An adaptive network model for a possible therapy for the effects of a certain type of dementia on social functioning

This paper introduces a temporal-causal network model that describes the recognition of emotions shown by others. The model can show both normal functioning and cases of dysfunctioning, such as can be the case for persons with certain types of dementia. Simulations have been performed to test the model in both these types of behaviours. A mathematical analysis was done which gave evidence that the model as implemented does what it is meant to do. The model can be applied to obtain a virtual patient model to study the way in which recognition of emotions can deviate for certain types of persons.

This paper examines the characteristics of community life in a age-segregated highrise complex and the implications of this new form of housing for the quality of urban life. The physical characteristics of the housing do not determine behavior of occupants, but use of the residential environment is shaped by the image of the community and is also affected by the characteristics of residents and their housing expectations. The reputation of the community serves to attract a certain type of person—the upper middle class, well-educated, and single young adult—in high concentrations. Despite previous studies which have characterized young adults in city neighborhoods as totally cut off from local ties, a combination of factors encourages a high degree of neighboring among this population: homogeneity in terms of age, class, ethnicity, and stage of the life cycle: social selectivity of persons with a positive interest in neighboring: a high concentration of persons occupying a deviant social status; and inter-locking networks of friendship, work and organizational ties. “Marginals” in this environment are the small minority of older and married tenants who compensate for their deviant status vis a vis the majority group of young singles by over-selecting other tenants like themselves for nieghboring relations.

More and more people of all ages and from diverse social backgrounds are discovering a different way of using their leisure time. The activity/study holiday concept is not exactly new to the UK, but up until now it has tended to appeal to a certain type of person — the super‐athletic or the academic. An operation based on the Sussex coast was founded in the belief that a stay in a relaxed amenity‐filled environment, studying a favourite subject or discovering a new one, can be as enjoyable and stimulating as the more conventional type of holiday. Throughout the year, the Earnley Concourse runs a huge range of residential courses open to anyone over the age of 16. These courses take place for either a weekend, a mid‐week period or a complete week during the Summer. Although the weekend courses mostly attract people living in the South of England and the Home Counties, the longer courses draw people from all over the UK and even the Continent. Travel is no problem — an efficient train service operates from London (Victoria) to Chichester, and once there visitors have only to step into a mini‐bus for the seven mile drive to the Concourse.

Personality refers to a person’s consistent patterns of feeling, thinking, and behaving (Pervin et al. 2005). In the 1980s, researchers in addiction proposed that there are certain types of personality and attributes that predispose a person to substance and behavioral addictions. Among these researchers, Alan Lang (1983) put forward the concept of addictive personality. In his description, individuals with this personality style have an inborn and genetic propensity to addictive behaviors. Their notable behavioral characteristics include introversion and enjoyment of solitary pursuits, impulsiveness, and risk-taking. This proposition, though intriguing, is deterministic in nature as the model places the origins and etiology of addictive disorders on the genetic dispositions of a person. It neglects environmental influences, including the roles and attitudes of a person’s family and friends. More importantly, the assertion disregards one’s personal choices and discretion in governing one’s gambling behavior. Scientific studies validating the concept of addictive personality have been very few (Myrseth 2011; Petry 2005). On this issue, Blaszczynski (Blaszczynski and Tempel 2008), in his keynote address at the National Association of Gambling Studies (NAGS), argued that an individual should have control over his/her gambling behavior and decisions. In this vein of thought, the responsibility of gambling should rest upon the judgment and decisions of the gambler rather than the genetic predisposition the person may have. In reviewing the literature on the personality of gamblers, Chan et al. (2016), in their recent book Problem Gambling in Hong Kong and Macao: Etiology, Prevalence and Treatment, came to the conclusion: “Bearing in mind that problem gamblers often come from diverse backgrounds with different motivations for gambling, there should not be one single type of addictive personality as Lang (1983) has proposed” (p. 71). The authors analyzed the personality and development of gamblers from Blaszczynski and Nower’s (2002) model and presented a detailed account on the personality development of gamblers from an ecological-social-cognitive perspective. Nonetheless, the book failed to discuss the similarities and differences between Chinese gamblers and Western gamblers. The current chapter thus intends to fill this gap. Our purposes are to understand the personality characteristics of Chinese gamblers and the empirical differences in personality patterns, if any, between the Chinese gamblers and Western gamblers.

This article presents the results of research regarding the chipping of certain types of persons.
 The authors aimed to determine the effectiveness of this mechanism for protecting personal data, as an examination tool, and for medical purposes.
 The norms of the legislation of Kazakhstan and foreign countries concerning chipping, scientific publications on the subject, and the conduct of expert examinations were studied. Studies in which the problems of computer-technical examinations and successful application of the newest technologies in medicine and forensic medical examinations were singled out. Notably, there are no holistic studies concerning the possibility of chipping citizens or the application of this technology in various aspects, including forensic examinations.
 According to research results, generalization of scientists’ works, and analysis of legislation, chipping of individual citizens was proposed. In this study, SWOT analysis of the issues related to the chipping of certain types of persons for the protection of personal data and for other purposes was performed. The strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to the implementation of this technology were considered.
 Based on the analysis and research of the legislation, chipping of law enforcement officers, civil servants, employees of organizations that have access to state databases of personal data, and employees of organizations that are the owner or operator of non-state databases has been proposed. The proposed mechanism has several advantages and may increase security, reduce unauthorized access to information, and minimize the probable unlawful manifestations in relation to personal data and data with limited access.

Emotion recognition following pediatric traumatic brain injury: Longitudinal analysis of emotional prosody and facial emotion recognition

Oral health of people with dementia

Objective To explore the relationship between type D personality, anxiety and depression of coronary heart disease(CHD) and the effects on quality of life(QOL). Methods 296 CHD patients were randomly chosen to answer the questionnaires of general situation, type D personality scale (DS14), Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS), Self-rating Depression Scale(SDS) and Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). Results Of all subjects 37.2% were identified as type D personality, detection rates of anxiety and depression was were higher than the patients with non-type D personality (33.6% vs 14.0%, 49.1% vs 23.1%, separately)(P<0.01). The scores of role-physical(RP), bodily pain(BP), general health(GH), vitality(VT), social functioning(SF), role-emotional(RE), mental health(MH) in patients with type D personality ((32.73±42.52), (57.68±26.93), (42.14±18.23), (47.15±22.60), ( 59.43±26.67), (45.91±46.22), ( 49.25±22.21), separately) were lower than the patients with non-type D personality ((56.00±46.61), (64.62±22.27), (48.27±19.19), (61.56±20.17), (69.70±24.35), (70.79±44.53), (70.52±18.91), separately)(P<0.05 or 0.01). Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that depression, type D personality, anxiety, coronary artery stenosis degree and degree of education were entered QOL regression equation(β=-16.31, -6.53, -7.69, -15.75, 2.64, P<0.05). Conclusion The type D personality of CHD exist high prevalence of anxiety and depression disorders, and the type D personality influence the QOL of patients with CHD. Key words: Coronary heart disease; Type D personality; Anxiety; Depression; Quality of life

It has long been hypothesized that the ability to deceive depends on personality - some personality types are `better' at deceiving in that their deception is harder to recognize. In this work, we evaluate how the pattern of personality of a speaker affects the effectiveness of machine learning models for deception detection in transcripts of oral speech. We trained models to classify as deceptive or not deceptive statements issued in Court by Italian speakers. We then used a system for automatic personality recognition to generate hypotheses about the personality of these speakers, and we clustered the subjects on the basis of their personality traits. It turned out that deception detection models perform differently depending on the patterns of personality traits which characterize the speakers. This suggests that speakers who show certain types of personality also have a communication style in which deception can be detected more, or less, easily.

A conventional explanation of the short notice that many management ideas get is that they are only fashions. This article presents a complementary explanation. Based on Jung's personality types and my own experiences, I suggest that mostly only people with a certain type of personality become interested in ideas such as the learning organization. I further argue that all four of Jung's personality types must join in the sculpting of learning organizations if organizations are to succeed in becoming such organizations and continue being it, and, accordingly, if the idea is to survive in the long run.

Previous articleNext article No AccessDiscussionThe Ethical Functions of the NovelWilliam ToddWilliam Todd Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Ethics Volume 75, Number 3Apr., 1965 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/291544 Views: 6Total views on this site Copyright 1965 University of Chicago PressPDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

Associations of emotion recognition, loneliness, and social functioning in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder

Determining the boundaries and degree of influence of the results of scholarly knowledge on a person is becoming even more relevant at the current stage of the development of scholarship. Humanitarian knowledge is ambivalent, which is manifested in the fact that the search for and improvement of ways to achieve humanistic ideals can form the basis for the formation of resources allowing us to produce or construct a certain type of personality. Particular attention is paid to situations in which the scientifically based striving for humanitarian ideals – preservation and improvement of the quality of human life – leads to the fact that even life and death of an individual can be the result of an agreement between scientists and politicians. This paper aimed to substantiate the need to identify boundaries in achieving humanitarian ideals. The research method applied here is the analysis of philosophical doctrines, which allow to explicate new approaches to determining the ways of finding meaning. In the context of a plural, multidirectional and risk-inducing development of the world, the traditional features of the humanities – desire for understanding, search for meaning, and contextuality – are undergoing essential changes. The unprecedented fragmentation of today’s world and the sporadic nature of people’s lives actualizes the search for resources to achieve understanding in the absence of integrity. Further, the paper shows the fundamental importance of human efforts aimed to find and be able to stay in such modes of consciousness as “participatory thinking” (M.M. Bakhtin), “thought-action” (M.K. Mamardashvili) and “consciousness not based on cognitive meanings” (Pope John Paul II). It is substantiated here that the idea of establishing meaning as a result of the efforts/perseverance of an individual has ontological and epistemological value. The search for and establishment of meaning is an accomplished event (G. Deleuze), which reflects the uniqueness of a person’s existence.

During the last decade there has been a change in professional attitudes toward homosexuality reflected in the development of new models of treatment. Rather than offering a cure the aim is to help homosexuals adjust positively to their orientation. Such attitudinal change on the part of the practitioners has not, in the main, questioned the fundamental assumptions of theories which seek to explain homosexuality. Recent theoretical inquiry into homosexuality, however, has done this, posing an important challenge to the traditionally held view that people have an essential sexuality that is either homosexual or heterosexual and which remains fixed and unchanging throughout their lives. This paper addresses some of the more important clinical implications of these recent developments, in particular, the suggestion that "the homosexual" as a certain type of person is an "invention." In addition, the therapeutic value and difficulties associated with an acknowledgement that sexual preference and identity may change over time are considered. Finally, there is consideration of what the goals should be in the case of the person who seeks professional help in changing from a homosexual to a heterosexual orientation.

The problem of suicidal behavior of an individual continues to remain relevant, due to the increase in the number of suicides among people of different ages, on the one hand, and insufficient information about the factors of suicidal behavior of an individual. The purpose of the study is to identify the factors that determine the formation of a certain type of personality who committed suicidal attempts in adolescence. In order to identify the types of adolescent suicides, there was conducted a survey of 20 doctors in psychiatric clinical hospitals in Moscow. The survey results were processed using cluster analysis. To identify the factorial conditioning of suicidal behavior of each personality type, a complex of psychodiagnostic techniques was used, focused on the study of the characteristics of the emotional, value-semantic and behavioral spheres of the personality. The obtained empirical data were processed with the help of factor analysis. Three clusters have been identified that combine similar personality characteristics of suicides. It was specified that among adolescents there are the following personality types: “militant” (22%), “sacrifice” (54%) and “self-deprecating” (24%). Each type of adolescent suicide is due to the characteristics of the emotional, value-semantic and behavioral spheres of their personality. To develop targeted programs for the prevention of suicidal behavior among adolescents, it is necessary to take into account the results of the study, since such programs should be aimed at blocking the factors that form a certain type of suicide.