Amyloid-β and aluminum ions enhance neuronal damage mediated by NMDA-activated glutamate receptors

Abstract

Effects of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), aluminum and amyloid-β (Aβ) on mouse cerebellar granule cells were studied. In the presence of all three compounds, reactive oxygen species levels and cell necrosis were increased dramatically. Mg2+ ions and D-AP5, which are known to prevent ligand binding to NMDA-activated glutamate receptors, were effective in attenuating the neurotoxic effect induced by the presence of all three compounds. All substances tested induced activation of p42/44 MAPK (mitogen activated protein kinase) with no cumulative effects between them. We conclude that neurotoxicity induced by aluminum and Aβ appears at outer cell membranes and NMDA receptors take part in this process. Increase in excitotoxic effect of glutamate in the presence of aluminum and Aβ is suggested to be a factor which provokes Alzheimer’s disease in brain neurons.