Abstract
Biomimetic work often concerns to biological surfaces and their interaction with the environment. Liquid handling, barrier function and protection against heat, pathogens and predators, to name just a few, require biological surfaces to exhibit specific material properties—properties that often are not suited for specific measurements under lab conditions. In particular, the lack of the necessary sample toughness or conductivity can prove difficult to perform certain experiments. Hence, we present a novel approach to achieve all-metal replicas from biological surfaces (AMROBS). Resulting replicas exhibit microscale accurate replication of morphological topography while providing tough, conductive subjects for investigation and easy chemical surface modification. Combining established techniques like polymer casting (e.g., silicone), chemical silver precipitation and electroplating, all-metal replicas of several technical and biological surfaces (e.g., diffraction foils, lizard skin, flat bug surface) were produced and compared to their original counterparts with regard to morphology and functionality. By using scanning electron microscopy and video analysis, we show that a high degree of replication accuracy is achievable, and conclude the future possibilities of AMROBS in a comprehensive discussion, including the general “do’s” and “do nots” of metal replication following this approach.
Highlights
Biological surfaces—especially biomimetically interesting surfaces and structures of animals and plants—have seen more and more scientific interest in the past few decades
By using scanning electron microscopy and video analysis, we show that a high degree of replication accuracy is achievable, and conclude the future possibilities of all-metal replicas from biological surfaces (AMROBS) in a comprehensive discussion, including the general “do’s” and “do nots” of metal replication following this approach
Investigation becomes a challenge as it requires various forms of sample modification in order to prepare the biological material even for common methods like scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
Summary
Biological surfaces—especially biomimetically interesting surfaces and (micro-) structures of animals and plants—have seen more and more scientific interest in the past few decades. Investigation becomes a challenge as it requires various forms of sample modification in order to prepare the biological material even for common methods like scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Biological samples often do not (or too faintly) exhibit a desired material based feature like thermal conductivity (e.g., human skin with a conductivity value of only 1–3 W m−1 K−1 [10], compared to copper with around 400 W m−1 K−1 [11]). This becomes problematic when investigating phenomena like the abovementioned adaptive camouflage on flat bugs
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