Abstract
This study investigated the claims of traditional practitioners in the use of <i>Anthocleista djalonensis</i> for the treatment of various diseases and infections in Benue State, Nigeria. The leaves of the plant were collected; air dried; pulverized and successively extracted using hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol and methanol by microwave assisted method. The phytochemical analysis of the leaf extracts of <i>Anthocleista djalonensis</i> revealed the presence of glycosides, saponins, terpenes, sterols flavonoids, anthraquinones, resins and balsams in <i>Anthocleista djalonensis</i> leaf. The antimicrobial screening of the hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol and methanol extracts were carried out on Methicillin <i>Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Vancomycin Resistant enterococci, Staphylococcus aureus, Helicobacter pylori, Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Candida tropicalis, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis</i>, and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> using agar-well diffusion method. The antimicrobial studies showed that all the extracts exhibited activities against <i>Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Vancomycin Resistant enterococci, S. aureus, H. pylori, C. albicans, and C. krusei</i> with significant zones of inhibition ranging from 16 - 20 mm for hexane extract, 22 - 28 mm for ethyl acetate extract, 20 - 24 mm for ethanol extract and 20 - 23 mm for methanol extract against test microbes. <i>E. coli, P. aeruginosa, P. mirabilis and C. tropicalis</i> showed resistance to the extracts; Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the extracts against the stated microbes were 5 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL, 2.5 mg/mL and 5 mg/mL respectively for hexane extract. 1.25 mg/mL, 1.25 mg/mL, 0.62 mg/mL, 0.62 mg/mL 0.62 mg/mL and 1.25 mg/mL respectively for ethyl acetate extract; Ethanol and methanol extracts recorded 1.25 mg/mL against all the stated test microbes. The minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration of the extracts against <i>Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Vancomycin Resistant enterococci, S. aureus, H. pylori, C. albicans</i> and <i>C. krusei</i> ranged from 5 mg/mL to 1.25 mg/mL. The results support the use of <i>Anthocleista djalonensis</i> in traditional medicine.
Highlights
Increase in hazards posed by drug-resistant strains of bacteria has attracted attentions recently in the scientific community; demanding continuous effort to solve this
The efforts made in the isolation, concentration, purification and mass production of penicillin was followed by the development of Streptomycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol and other agents, and their synthetic modification has been prominent in the development of new antimicrobial agents [1]
The phytochemical screening result revealed that terpenes, sterols and resins are present in the hexane extract
Summary
Increase in hazards posed by drug-resistant strains of bacteria has attracted attentions recently in the scientific community; demanding continuous effort to solve this. The efforts made in the isolation, concentration, purification and mass production of penicillin was followed by the development of Streptomycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol and other agents, and their synthetic modification has been prominent in the development of new antimicrobial agents [1]. Constituents of Anthocleista djalonensis Leaf Extracts certain drug may imply resistance to other drugs that share same mechanism of action. Such a relationship exists mainly between agents that are chemically closely related or that have a similar mode of binding or action [1]. For in-vitro antibacterial investigation, pH, moisture content, length of inoculums and stability of antimicrobial agents are important parameters [1, 3] to consider. The traditional use of Anthocleista djalonensis in treatment of microbial infections in Benue State, Nigeria was investigated
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