Abstract
ABSTRACT: With the possibility of using ammonium glufosinate in corn, studies on its association with other herbicides are essential. The aim of this study was to assess weed control and herbicide selectivity in association with ammonium glufosinate in corn containing the pat and cp4-epsps genes. The experiment was carried out under field conditions in two sites in a randomized block design with four replications. Treatments consisted of ammonium glufosinate, glyphosate, ammonium glufosinate + glyphosate, ammonium glufosinate + nicosulfuron, ammonium glufosinate + atrazine, ammonium glufosinate + tembotrione, ammonium glufosinate + mesotrione, ammonium glufosinate + carfentrazone ethyl, ammonium glufosinate + bentazon, ammonium glufosinate + 2,4-D, control without weeding, and hand-weeded control. Visual assessments were performed regarding damage, electron transport rate in photosystem II (ETR), ammonia quantification, height, and grain yield of corn plants, as well as weed control at both sites. The application of ammonium glufosinate and its associations did not provide a reduction in productivity when compared to the hand-weeded control. Some treatments presented higher levels of visual damage and ammonia accumulation, but without a yield reduction. Therefore, herbicide mixture with ammonium glufosinate may be an alternative to weed control without damaging corn crop, which presents in its genetic constitution the cp4-epsps and pat genes.
Highlights
Corn is of great importance in the Brazilian agriculture scenario
No significant differences were observed among the sites for the variables control of R. raphanistrum, C. rotundus, U. plantaginea, and R. brasiliensis, visual damage at 7 and 14 days after application (DAA), plant height at 14 DAA, plant height at R6, and ammonia at 2 and 4 DAA
For the electron transport rate in photosystem II (ETR) data at 3 h after application and 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 DAA and productivity, differences were observed between sites (P-value: 0.0412, 0.0314, 0.0447, 0.0125, 0.0214, 0.0047, and 0.0128, respectively), which was discussed separately
Summary
An area of 17 million hectares was sown in the 2016/17 season, with an estimated production of 91 million tons and an average yield of 5,000 kg ha-1, considering the first and second harvests (Conab, 2017). In this sense, transgenic had and has an important role in the success of corn cultivation in Brazil. Weeds can cause losses from 13 to 88% in corn yield (Dan et al, 2010) In this scenario, the genetically modified corn presents events that guarantee resistance to the herbicides glyphosate, ammonium glufosinate, 2,4-D, and haloxyfop-methyl, facilitating and improving weed control
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