Abstract
ABSTRACT: A reliable quantification of nitrogen (N) losses by ammonia (NH3) volatilization can contribute to identifying optimized strategies of fertilizer management. The objective of this study was to quantify ammonia volatilization from several organic N sources incorporated into or applied onto the soil surface. Two cultivation areas, under snap bean and corn, were evaluated at Embrapa Agrobiology, Seropedica, Rio de Janeiro (RJ). Both experiments used a randomized complete block design in split-plots, with four replications. The main plots consisted of [...]
Highlights
Nitrogen losses to the atmosphere by ammonia volatilization are estimated at 54 Tg yr-1, most of which is the result of anthropogenic activities (Laegreid et al, 1999)
The main plots consisted of four organic fertilizers, at rates of 200 kg ha-1 N, and a control treatment, and the subplots corresponded to the management forms of the fertilizers
Castor cake was the organic fertilizer with the highest potential of ammonia volatilization (25.52 % of the total applied N) when broadcast on the soil surface (Table 3)
Summary
Nitrogen losses to the atmosphere by ammonia volatilization are estimated at 54 Tg yr-1, most of which is the result of anthropogenic activities (Laegreid et al, 1999). Organic and mineral fertilizers account for about 20 % of the global ammonia emissions. Ammonia volatilization rates depend on several soil factors: cation exchange capacity (CEC), buffering capacity, temperature, and moisture and, mainly, on the pH and the fertilizer type (Miwa et al, 2007; Araújo et al, 2011; Viero et al, 2014). These N losses by ammonia volatilization reduce the N use efficiency and boost production costs in agricultural systems (Sangoi et al, 2016)
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