Abstract
The stability and high yielding of Vigna subterranea L. Verdc. genotype is an important factor for long-term development and food security. The effects of G × E interaction on yield stability in 30 Bambara groundnut genotypes in four different Malaysian environments were investigated in this research. The experiment used a randomized complete block design with three replications in each environment. Over multiple harvests, yield component traits such as the total number of pods per plant, fresh pods weight (g), hundred seeds weight (g), and yield per hectare were evaluated in the main and off-season in 2020 and 2021. Stability tests for multivariate stability parameters were performed based on analyses of variance. For all the traits, the pooled analysis of variance revealed highly significant (p < 0.01) variations between genotypes, locations, seasons, and genotypes by environment (G × E interaction). A two-dimensional GGE biplot was generated using the first two principal components (axis 1 and axis 2), which accounted for 94.97% and 3.11% difference in GEI for yield per hectare, respectively. Season and location were found to be the most significant causes of yield heterogeneity, accounting for 31.13% and 14.02% of overall G + E + G × E variation, respectively, according to the combined study of variance. The GGE biplot revealed that the three winning genotypes G1, G3, and G5 appear across environments whereas AMMI model exposed genotypes viz G18, G14, G7, G3, G1, and G5 as best performer. Based on ideal genotype ranking genotype G1 was the best performer, with a high mean yield and high stability in the tested environment. According to the AEC line, genotypes G1 and G3 were extremely stable, while genotypes G2 and G4 were low stable, with a high average yielding per hectare. A GGE and AMMI biplot graphically showed the interrelationships between the tested environment and genotypes, classified genotypes into three categories as well as simplifying visual evaluations, according to this investigation. According to our results, breeding could improve yield production, and the genotypes discovered could be recommended for commercial cultivation.
Highlights
IntroductionFor newly generating advance lines, a prerequisite to undertaking a multi-environment yield trail to determine the superior and stable Bambara groundnut genotypes adapted in the growing region of multi environments
Bambara groundnut [Vigna subterranea L. (Verdc.)] (2n = 2x = 22) is an under-research legume crop belong to the family Fabaceae and subfamily Faboideae of genus Vigna[1]
The GGE biplots are based on the singular value decomposition (SVD) of environment-centered provided by Yan et al.[25] and graphically represent both genotype and genotype-by-environment based on primary sources of variation associated to genotype assessment
Summary
For newly generating advance lines, a prerequisite to undertaking a multi-environment yield trail to determine the superior and stable Bambara groundnut genotypes adapted in the growing region of multi environments. GGE biplots analysis, on the other hand, is regarded as a useful statistical technique for producing phenotypically stable and superior cultivars, identifying stable genotypes across several environments, and achieving crop. The current study aims to identify superior genotypes with stable yield performance over a wide range of environments by evaluating the efficacy of various stability analysis methodologies. Another intention of this study was to examine how GEI influenced the yield and yield components of Vigna subterranea L. Another intention of this study was to examine how GEI influenced the yield and yield components of Vigna subterranea L. (Verdc.) genotypes as well as to identify the high yielding stable genotypes for future breeding schemes in tropical and subtropical environments
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