Amir Arsalan Afkhami. « Compromised Constitutions: the Iranian Experience with the 1918 Influenza Epidemic ». Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 77 (2003), pp. 367 - 393.

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This clearly written and cogent study considers the effect of the 1918 “Spanish” flu on Iran. This pandemic sent untold millions to their deaths around the world, but struck particularly hard in Iran, a country already devastated by war, famine, and disease. The author estimates that of the country’s circa eleven million inhabitants, anywhere between one and nearly two-and-a-half million people perished, which means that, at anywhere between 8 and 21.7 percent of the entire population, the co...