Abstract
Abstract Direct addition of ammonia to olefins is catalyzed by acidic zeolites such as H-offretite, H-clinoptilolite, H-Y, and rare earth-exchanged Y. Selectivity to the corresponding amines is high (at least 97%). Conversions are controlled by temperature-dependent equilibria between the starting materials and product amines. Olefin ami nation occurs via Markownikoff addition. Reaction is believed to involve a carbocationic intermediate which is formed by interaction of the olefin with a surface proton or ammonium ion. Catalyst activity is proportional to the total number of strongly acidic sites as measured by ammonia chemisorption. Highest activities are obtained with small to medium pore acidic zeolites, such as H-clinoptilolite, H-erionite, and H-offretite.
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