Amid-El-Mülk Etkisi, Nizamülmülk Ve Muhammed Gazali’nin Politik Performansı, Abbasi Halifesinin Otoritesindeki Düşüşün Sebepleri Ve Selçuklu Hanedanlığının Otoritesinin Artışı

Abstract

Despite the fact that Abbasi Caliphate had had lost its socio-military power throughout the Islamic territory even prior to the advent of Saljuqi dynasty, it still preserved a great deal of its spiritual authority. However, some events happened which caused the diminution of Abbasi Caliphate’s spiritual authoritative status in a way that the risk of Caliphate’s collapse seemed highly tangible, while the Saljuq were gaining preliminary ruling strength. As the basis of Al Qaem bi Amrellah Abbasid was undermined because of the rise of Arsalan Basasiri, a warlord planned to dominate Abbasid territory and was supported by Fatimid Caliph Al-Mustansir Billah, Sultan Toghrol the first, the leader of Seljuk Turks, supported Abbasid Caliph. When Sultan Toghrol was sending troops to Baghdad and was battling Arsalan Basasiri, he was considering saving Sunni Caliphate of Abbasid from Ismaili Fatimid Caliphate’s domination. After that Seljuk Sultan defeated Arsalan Basasiri, he gained a favorable position, but then he gradually dominated Abbasid Caliph. After him, other powerful Seljuk Sultans also attempted to decrease the power of Abbasid Caliphs by utilizing instructions and performances of Iranian viziers like Amid al-Mulk and Nizam al-Mulk. To do so, some of the literati and faqihs’ opinions, like Imam Muhammad Ghazali, on the limitations of Abbasid Caliph’s ruling power were also employed by Seljuk rulers. The current study utilizes descriptive-analytic method to explore the issue that Khawaja Amid al-Mulk Kondori, Khawaja Nizam al-Mulk Tusi and Imam Muhammad Ghazali played especial and determining roles in the significant decrease in the authority of Abbasid Caliphate and the increase in the authority of Seljuk Dynasty through their political thought and performance