Amelogenesis Imperfecta Prevalence in a Colombian Population: A Retrospective Study

Lizeth Paola Naranjo Jiménez ,Myriam Adriana Muñoz Briceño,Claudia Patricia Lamby Tovar,Ángela Castillo ,Sandra Janeth Gutiérrez Prieto

doi:10.11144/javeriana.uo40.aipc

Lizeth Paola Naranjo Jiménez , Myriam Adriana Muñoz Briceño + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.uo40.aipc

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Abstract

Background: Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a hereditary condition that affects the structure of tooth enamel and causes sensitivity, predisposition to cavities, and psychological problems. In Colombia, its frequency, magnitude, distribution, and behavior are unknown, so it is necessary to carry out prevalence studies to implement preventive actions. Purpose: To determine the prevalence of AI in patients who have attended the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana clinics in Bogotá. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional observational study was carried out, whose sample included 1,394 medical records of patients who attended between January 2015 and December 2017. Results: The prevalence of AI was 0.6 %, corresponding to 8 people affected, 4 men and 4 women between the ages of 9 and 10 years. The most frequent phenotype was hypoplastic in 7 patients (87.5 %) and one person had a hypocalcified phenotype (12.5 %). Taurodontism was the most frequent anomaly in the 8 patients (100 %). Seven of the eight patients (87.5 %) had a family history of AI. All the individuals had a lower-middle socioeconomic level and came from urban areas. Conclusions: This study is the first approximation to determine the prevalence of AI in a group of the Colombian population. Although the prevalence was low, it is comparable with the findings of other studies.

Highlights

Enamel is a highly mineralized dental tissue, organized, and structured in hydroxyapatite crystals
Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is caused by mutations in genes such as AMEL, ENAM, MMP20, and KLK4, which code for proteins involved in the formation of tooth enamel (4-8 ), and FAM83H, a gene that codes for a protein apparently involved in the organization of ameloblast desmosomes [9]
The prevalence of AI in patients who attended the dental clinics of Pontificia Universidad Javeriana from Bogotá was assessed between January 2015 and December 2017

Summary

Introduction

Enamel is a highly mineralized dental tissue, organized, and structured in hydroxyapatite crystals. It is secreted by ameloblasts in a protein-containing organic matrix. Because it is an acellular tissue, enamel does not have the capacity to repair itself when it is altered extrinsically or intrinsically [1]. Alterations of enamel development can cause amelogenesis imperfecta (AI), a widespread hereditary condition that affects the structure of dental enamel of deciduous and permanent dentitions in quantity and quality [2]. Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a hereditary condition that affects the structure of tooth enamel and causes sensitivity, predisposition to cavities, and psychological problems. The prevalence was low, it is comparable with the findings of other studies

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