Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease as a common problem of diabetes can be the main cause of renal insufficiency in severe and untreated cases. Various aspects play a role in the progress of diabetic nephropathy, including gradual accumulation of AGEs (advanced glycation end-products), advancement in the pathway of polyol, oxidative stress, high filtration in glomeruli and increase in TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β) expression. Inflammatory process is known as a definite factor in the development of diabetic nephropathy. Increased molecules that cause inflammation comprise chemokines, cytokines, C-reactive protein (CRP), and adhesion molecules. Since pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy basically is due to inflammatory procedure, therefore, the first therapeutic goal is to relieve inflammation. Numerous studies on animals have shown that anti-inflammatory effects of drugs are beneficial in treating nephropathy related to diabetes, but protective effects of these drugs have not been recognized in humans. Some substances involved in renal protective and anti-inflammatory in diabetic animals comprise; thiazolidinedione, statins, spironolactone, immunosuppressant, GLP-1 receptor agonist, angiotensin II receptor antagonist (ARB), cholecystokinin, and glucagon-like peptide-1. Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is a biologically inactive compound that belongs to a group of drugs that acts to suppress or restrain immune system. Therefore, mycophenolate, by weakening the immune system, prevents rejecting transplanted organ in the body. Here are some studies on the effect of MMF on inflammation as a significant factor in the development of diabetic problems.
Highlights
Diabetic nephropathy is detected as a usual complication of diabetes that can be the principal cause of kidney failure in intense and untreated cases
Some factors play a role in the expansion of diabetic kidney disease, including oxidative stress, high filtration in glomeruli [1], gradual accumulation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs), advancement in the Various experimental studies showed mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) could decrease the accumulation of leukocytes and macrophages in kidney tissues
These data afford the support for the potential therapeutic impact of MMF on hypertrophy and apoptosis of podocyte probably through inhabitation of genes expression
Summary
Diabetic nephropathy (diabetic kidney disease) is detected as a usual complication of diabetes that can be the principal cause of kidney failure in intense and untreated cases. Various experimental studies showed mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) could decrease the accumulation of leukocytes and macrophages in kidney tissues. These data afford the support for the potential therapeutic impact of MMF on hypertrophy and apoptosis of podocyte probably through inhabitation of genes expression. Nasri H for prevention of end-stage renal disease Numerous factors such as; cytokines, chemokines, C-reactive protein (CRP), and adhesion molecules may aggravate the inflammatory processes. Adhesion molecules play an important role in inflammatory process These molecules expressed on the surface of leukocytes and endothelial cells, which can stimulate the adhesion of leukocytes to the endothelial cells of the vessels, and lead to their transfer from the lumen of the vessels to the site of inflammation [4]. In this review we sought to present the possible beneficial impact of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) on diabetic kidney disease
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