Ameliorative Effect of Annona m uricata Leaf Extract on Fipronil Induced Liver Biochemical Alterations in Oreochromis m ossambicus

Abstract

The diverse array of pharmacological properties present in the natural compounds of Annona muricata and its wide use in traditional medicine have all been prime area of research focus. The present study was undertaken to focus on the hepatoprotective role of Annona muricata leaf extract in Oreochromis mossambicus exposed to fipronil toxicity for 15 and 30 days. The study of fipronil toxicity in antioxidant/detoxification enzymes in liver such as Catalase (CAT), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Aspartate transaminase (AST), Alanine transaminase (ALT), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Acid phosphatase (ACP) and Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is an attempt to provide a clear concept of hepatic toxicity of fipronil. Fishes were exposed to 3 sublethal concentrations (1/5, 1/10, 1/15) of fipronil for 15 and 30 days fed with normal and plant extract supplement feed. The antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) showed decreased activity on exposure to fipronil for 15 days and 30 days. The A.muricata supplemented group also showed decreased activity significant and dose-dependent but this decrease in activity was less when compared to fipronil exposed groups fed with normal feed. This indicates the stressed condition of O.mossambicus on exposure to fipronil that was reduced in A.muricata extract supplemented groups indicating the ameliorative effect of leaf extract. The liver enzymes AST, ALT, ALP, ACP and LDH showed increased activity for all concentrations for 15 and 30 days of fipronil exposure. A. muricata supplemented groups also showed increased liver enzyme levels but this increase was less when compared with fishes fed with normal feed. The increase in activity was significant and dose-dependent. This reveals liver damage alteration in liver activity when exposed to fipronil whereas fipronil exposed groups fed with plant extract supplement showed a recovery of chronic toxicity as evidenced by the liver enzyme activity.