Abstract
Under fixed uniform circular array (UCA), 3-D parameter estimation of a source whose half-wavelength is smaller than the array aperture would suffer from a serious phase ambiguity problem, which also appears in a recently proposed phase-based algorithm. In this paper, by using the centro-symmetry of UCA with an even number of sensors, the source’s angles and range can be decoupled and a novel algorithm named subarray grouping and ambiguity searching (SGAS) is addressed to resolve angle ambiguity. In the SGAS algorithm, each subarray formed by two couples of centro-symmetry sensors can obtain a batch of results under different ambiguities, and by searching the nearest value among subarrays, which is always corresponding to correct ambiguity, rough angle estimation with no ambiguity is realized. Then, the unambiguous angles are employed to resolve phase ambiguity in a phase-based 3-D parameter estimation algorithm, and the source’s range, as well as more precise angles, can be achieved. Moreover, to improve the practical performance of SGAS, the optimal structure of subarrays and subarray selection criteria are further investigated. Simulation results demonstrate the satisfying performance of the proposed method in 3-D source localization.
Highlights
Passive source localization using an array of sensors plays an increasingly important role in wireless communication, electronic reconnaissance, sonar and other applications [1,2,3,4]
The estimation performance of these approaches is acceptable, for fixed uniform circular array (UCA), in practice, when the array aperture is larger than source’s half-wavelength they would suffer from a serious phase ambiguity problem, which will lead to inaccuracies in 3-D parameter estimation
Instead of collecting twice from different times, our approach utilizes subarray grouping and ambiguity searching by only one group of data, and so can adapt to
Summary
Passive source localization using an array of sensors plays an increasingly important role in wireless communication, electronic reconnaissance, sonar and other applications [1,2,3,4]. The spectrum-based estimators, such as multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithms [8,10], can achieve source localization with high precision, but suffer from a high computational cost. To cope with this problem, a series of phase-based solutions have been recently proposed in [11,12], which are computationally simpler, since multidimensional search is not required. Without rotation, we address unambiguous 3-D source localization by utilizing different ambiguity properties of each subarray divided by a fixed UCA, and each subarray can obtain the actual source’s parameters under a certain ambiguity.
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