Abstract
This paper proposes two novel phase-based algorithms for the passive localization of a single source with a uniform circular array (UCA) under the case of measuring phase ambiguity based on two phase difference observation models, which are defined as the unambiguous-relative phase observation model (UARPOM) and the ambiguous-relative phase observation model (ARPOM). First, by analyzing the varying regularity of the phase differences between the adjacent array elements of a UCA, the corresponding relationship between the phase differences and the azimuth and elevation angle of the signal is derived. Based on the two phase observation models, two corresponding novel algorithms, namely, the phase integral accumulation and the randomized Hough transform (RHT), are addressed to resolve the phase ambiguity. Then, by using the unambiguous phase differences, the closed-form estimates of the azimuth and elevation angles are determined via a least squares (LS) algorithm. Compared with the existing phase-based methods, the proposed algorithms improve the estimation accuracy. Furthermore, our proposed algorithms are more flexible for the selection of an array radius. Such an advantage could be applied more broadly in practice than the previous methods of ambiguity resolution. Simulation results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Highlights
Passive source localization using an array of sensors has received considerable attention for use in wireless communication, electronic reconnaissance, sonar, and other applications in recent decades [1,2,3]
Several numerical simulations are conducted to validate the performance of the proposed algorithm and support the theoretical results relative to the previous method in [8], which is a generalized phase-based algorithm for the 2-D angle estimation of a single source with
=1 where y stands for the parameters, such as α and β, ŷl denotes the estimation of y in the l th trial, and MC is the number of Monte Carlo runs
Summary
Passive source localization using an array of sensors has received considerable attention for use in wireless communication, electronic reconnaissance, sonar, and other applications in recent decades [1,2,3]. There are two main types of solution in the context of 2-D parameter estimation, which are spectrum-based and phase-based algorithms. The spectrum-based algorithms [3,4,5,6] can obtain source localization with high precision, but they suffer from a high computational cost from the eigenvalue decomposition and spectrum search operations. To address this problem, phase-based algorithms are proposed in [7,8], which are efficient in that they are free of eigenvalue decomposition and spectrum search. If the inter-element spacing exceeds a half-wavelength of the source, periodical
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