Abstract
Background: Atherosclerosis (AT) is a chronic inflammatory process in which oxidative stress is the key event. Amaranth oil (AmO) has potential hypolipidemic and antiatherogenic effects. The aim of the study was to compare the effects of AmO and rapeseed oil (RaO) supplementation on expression of early markers of AT and lipid profile in obese or overweight subjects. Methods: A randomized, double-blinded cross-over study was conducted, in which participants took 20 mL of AmO in the first arm and 20 mL RaO in the second arm, switching after the washout period. Serum concentrations of adhesion molecules (sP-selectin, sVCAM-1), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), and lipid profile were assessed before and after nutritional interventions. In addition, anthropometric parameters were measured. Results: The total (TC) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations increased significantly in the AmO group in comparison with RaO (ΔTC 5.52 ± 35 vs. −8.43 ± 17.65 mg/dL; p = 0.002 and 4.43 ± 34.96 vs. −7.55 ± 16.41 mg/dL; p = 0.002, respectively). There were no significant differences in other parameters analyzed between the groups. Conclusion: The use of AmO instead of RaO may increase cardiovascular risk in obese and overweight subjects.
Highlights
The epidemic of overweight and obesity with its wide spectrum of consequences is a major public health challenge of the 21st century
The aim of the study was to compare the effects of Amaranth oil (AmO) versus rapeseed oil (RaO) on novel markers of AT and the lipid profile in overweight and obese subjects
A physical examination including the evaluation of body weight (BW), height, waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) was conducted four times: upon entry to the study, after first nutritional intervention, after washout period, and after second nutritional intervention
Summary
The epidemic of overweight and obesity with its wide spectrum of consequences is a major public health challenge of the 21st century. In the third stage, infiltrated monocytes differentiate to macrophages, absorb modified lipoproteins, mainly oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL), differentiating into foam cells [8]. These events constitute the initial steps in the development of atherosclerosis (AT). The aim of the study was to compare the effects of AmO and rapeseed oil (RaO) supplementation on expression of early markers of AT and lipid profile in obese or overweight subjects.
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