Amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus L.) and canola (Brassica napus L.) oil impact on the oxidative metabolism of neutrophils in the obese patients*

Dominika Kanikowska,Alina Kanikowska,Rafał Rutkowski,Małgorzata Włochal,Zofia Orzechowska,Aldona Juchacz,Agnieszka Zawada,Marian Grzymisławski,Magdalena Roszak,Maki Sato,Andrzej Bręborowicz,Janusz Witowski

doi:10.1080/13880209.2019.1569696

Dominika Kanikowska, Alina Kanikowska + Show 10 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1080/13880209.2019.1569696

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Abstract

Context: Amaranth and canola oils have been used traditionally. Amaranth has been identified as being of interest because of its outstanding nutritive value. Amaranth oil is a rich source of highly unsaturated fats and so could be a valuable dietary alternative for individuals affected with obesity. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are postulated to be involved in systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. Activated polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) generate high amounts of reactive oxygen species.Objective: Our study investigates the impact of amaranth and canola oils supplementation on oxidative metabolism in patients with obesity. We hypothesized that, due to its lipid-lowering and antioxidant properties, amaranth and canola oil would protect against oxidative stress.Materials and methods: We tested 19 obese patients [body mass index (BMI) = 41.1 ± 7.8 kg/m2, (mean ± SD)]. The protocol consisted of two stages: a run-in phase of 2 weeks and an experimental stage – canola or amaranth oil supplementation (20 mL/d) with calorie restriction diet for 3 weeks. The neutrophil oxidative burst was expressed by fluorescence intensity (IF).Results: The oxidative burst had increased significantly at the end of treatment in both groups IF: (21.4 ± 11.15 vs. 35.9 ± 20.3; mean ± SD) p < 0.05. The levels of IF were significantly higher in neutrophils of patients who received canola oil (41.05 ± 25.3) compared to those who received amaranth oil (28.4 ± 11.8) p < 0.05.Conclusions: Canola oil exerts possible effects on oxidative burst activity in neutrophils in vivo conditions.

Highlights

KEYWORDS Neutrophil oxidative burst; obesity; plant oil Oxidative stress is the result of an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species and an antioxidant mechanism
The oxidative burst in the group with canola oil supplementation changed significantly (Figure 3), and this significant change was not observed in amaranth oil supplementation group (Figure 4)
The present study was performed to compare the effect of two different dietetic interventions on neutrophil function

Summary

Introduction

Oxidative stress is the result of an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species and an antioxidant mechanism. Reactive oxygen species are hypothesized to be involved in the systemic inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with obesity. Neutrophils are involved in the modulation of adipose tissue inflammation in the early stage of obesity (Talukdar et al 2012; Huh et al 2014; Xu et al 2015). Obesity is defined as excesses of adipose tissue and is a significant risk factor for metabolic and cardiovascular disease, including type 2 diabetes (Klein et al 2004; Yach et al 2006; World Health Organization 2011). Obesity is associated with dysfunction of adipose tissue, including elevated pro-inflammatory markers (Hotamisligil 2006), and these inflammatory factors are major contributors to the development of metabolic disease (Xu et al 2015). The inflammatory response associated with obesity results in an increase in circulating cytokines (Hotamisligil et al 1995) and oxidative stress (Gregor and Hotamisligil 2011)

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