Alzheimer’s Disease: Novel Findings, Challenges and Implications for Healthcare Systems

Abstract

AbstractBackgroundAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive, degenerative brain damage that impairs thinking and problem‐solving skills and causes memory loss as well as behavioural and emotional abnormalities. Amyloid plaques and tau tangles, aberrant protein clusters that cause cognitive deterioration, are the disease’s hallmark. The illness is a serious obstacle for the patient, their family, and caretakers, as well as for the healthcare system. This study aims to summarize the recent discoveries linking microorganisms and Alzheimer’s disease, the difficulties in confirming the theory, and suggestions on how scientists can improve alternative methods to study the underlying causes of AD.MethodAcademic publications were retrieved from the databases MEDLINE, Ebscohost, PubMed, Ovid, Embase, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar using a unique search strategy. Emphasis was given to recent studies that provide insight into the current state, methods for diagnosis, and treatment options. Keywords in special combinations were used to retrieve information from various databases.ResultEvidence suggests that viruses can cause an increase in β‐amyloid peptide synthesis and tau phosphorylation, leading to the formation of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. The absence of experimental evidence connecting microbes to the cognitive deficits and neuropathological alterations of AD, as well as the ambiguous composition and origin of the amyloids observed in senile plaques, are a few of the difficulties that researchers must overcome.ConclusionFurther research is pivotal in shaping the future of Alzheimer’s disease to fully comprehend the disease mechanism and treatment challenges. The development of tools to understand the complexity of the disease pathogenesis and its multifaceted aetiology is crucial. Additionally, in people who are predisposed to certain infections, early diagnosis of such infections may help delay the start of AD.