Alternative Measures and Their Assessment

Abstract

This chapter reviews various alternative modes, fuels, technologies, and management measures for the betterment of transport sector both on service provision and sustainability. It discusses fuel-based alternatives such as natural gas vehicle (NGV) technology, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) vehicles, electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles, fuel cell and hydrogen technology, and biofuels. An attempt is made to discuss various traffic management measures such as vehicle inspection and maintenance, retrofitting devices for the end of pipe control, and traffic management measures such as routing. This chapter covers the recent developments of construction of mass rapid transit systems such as metro rail, monorail, and bus rapid transit system. Such alternatives need to be assessed on various criteria before being considered as suitable for any specific city. This chapter attempts to develop a methodological framework to assess the energy-saving potential (ESP), emission reduction potential (ERP), and economic viability by means of levelized life cycle cost (LCC) and marginal abatement cost (MAC). The chapter concludes by presenting a case study wherein these methodologies are applied toward an empirical presentation.