Abstract
Simple SummaryPork is the most consumed meat source for humans, and the utilization of nutritional approaches to produce pork with an appropriate content of intramuscular fat (IMF) and a balanced ratio of different kinds of fatty acid is an important objective pursuit of swine production. We speculated that dietary supplementation of beta-hydroxy beta-methyl butyrate (HMB) may provide benefits in lipid metabolism of skeletal muscle. In this study, we try to investigate the effects of dietary HMB supplementation on muscular lipid metabolism in Bama Xiang mini-pigs. We found that HMB supplementation could decrease the IMF content and increase n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids as well as regulate the related metabolites (N-Methyl-l-glutamate and nummularine A) in the serum of Bama Xiang mini-pigs, thus improving their meat quality.This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary beta-hydroxy beta-methyl butyrate (HMB) supplementation on muscular lipid metabolism in Bama Xiang mini-pigs. Thirty-two piglets (8.58 ± 0.40 kg, barrow) were selected and fed a basal diet supplemented either with 0 (control), 0.13%, 0.64%, or 1.28% HMB for 60 days. Throughout the experiments, they had free access to clean drinking water and diets. Data of this study were analyzed by one-way ANOVA using the SAS 8.2 software package, followed by a Tukey’s studentized range test to explore treatment effects. The results showed that compared to the control, 0.13% HMB decreased the intramuscular fat (IMF) content and increased polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in Longissimus thoracis muscle (LTM), and increased the n3 PUFAs in soleus muscles (SM, p < 0.05). Moreover, HMB supplementation led to alterations in the mRNA expression of genes related to lipid metabolism. Serum metabolome profiling showed that in both LTM and SM of Bama Xiang mini-pigs, N-Methyl-l-glutamate was positively correlated with SFA and nummularine A was negatively correlated with C18:3n3 PUFA (p < 0.05). Therefore, N-Methyl-l-glutamate and nummularine A might be potential biomarkers of the HMB-supplemented group. These results suggested that dietary HMB supplementation could decrease the IMF content and increase n3 PUFAs as well as regulate the related metabolites (N-Methyl-l-glutamate and nummularine A) in the serum of pigs.
Highlights
Pork is the most consumed meat source for humans, and there has been a growing focus on pork quality [1]
intramuscular fat (IMF) content in Longissimus thoracis muscle (LTM) was decreased in the pigs fed diets supplemented with 0.13% hydroxy beta-methyl butyrate (HMB) relative to the CON (3.02% vs. 3.73%), with higher levels of HMB being ineffective
Our and other’s previous studies have shown that higher HMB concentrations fail to exert beneficial effects on lipid metabolism in adipose tissues of high-fat diet-fed mice [17] and on protein metabolism in skeletal muscles of neonatal pigs [29] and LPS-challenged pigs [30]
Summary
Pork is the most consumed meat source for humans, and there has been a growing focus on pork quality [1]. The ratios of different kinds of fatty acids in muscle tissues are central to the nutritional value of meat and contribute importantly to human health [9]. Nutritional modulation is an efficient strategy to alter the fatty acid profile and concentration of pigs’ muscles [3,12]. On this basis, the utilization of nutritional approaches to produce pork with an appropriate content of IMF and a balanced ratio of different kinds of fatty acid is an important objective pursuit of swine production
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