Abstract
Highlight: The level of pathogen alpha-amylase and plant beta-amylase activities could be components of plant-pathogen interaction associated with the resistance of triticale to Fusarium head blight.Triticale was used here as a model to recognize new components of molecular mechanism of resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB) in cereals. Fusarium-damaged kernels (FDK) of two lines distinct in levels of resistance to FHB were applied into a proteome profiling using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) to create protein maps and mass spectrometry (MS) to identify the proteins differentially accumulated between the analyzed lines. This proteomic research was supported by a measurement of alpha- and beta-amylase activities, mycotoxin content, and fungal biomass in the analyzed kernels. The 2-DE analysis indicated a total of 23 spots with clear differences in a protein content between the more resistant and more susceptible triticale lines after infection with Fusarium culmorum. A majority of the proteins were involved in a cell carbohydrate metabolism, stressing the importance of this protein group in a plant response to Fusarium infection. The increased accumulation levels of different isoforms of plant beta-amylase were observed for a more susceptible triticale line after inoculation but these were not supported by a total level of beta-amylase activity, showing the highest value in the control conditions. The more resistant line was characterized by a higher abundance of alpha-amylase inhibitor CM2 subunit and simultaneously a lower activity of alpha-amylase after inoculation. We suggest that the level of pathogen alpha-amylase and plant beta-amylase activities could be components of plant-pathogen interaction associated with the resistance of triticale to FHB.
Highlights
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a serious plant disease resulting in a significant reduction of kernel quality and yield in small grain cereals
The two analyzed triticale lines were revealed to have significantly different levels of resistance to FHB. This phenomenon was manifested by the values of FHB index (FHBi) in Cerekwica and % Fusarium-damaged kernels (FDK) in two locations (Table 1)
Our earlier work on winter wheat showed that the alpha-amylase activity level was lower in the wheat RL, both in the control conditions and after inoculation, and we suggested that this could be due to the presence of monomeric alpha-amylase and dimeric alphaamylase inhibitors, accumulated to a higher degree in the wheat line with a higher resistance to FHB (Perlikowski et al, 2014)
Summary
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a serious plant disease resulting in a significant reduction of kernel quality and yield in small grain cereals. Triticale has been obtained by crossing of hexaploid or tetraploid wheat as a female parent with diploid rye (Secale cereale L.) as a male parent (Cichy et al, 2002; Oettler, 2005) This intergeneric, man-made hybrid combines the complementary traits of both parental species, high yielding capacity of wheat and stress tolerance of rye, there are only limited reports concerning resistance to FHB in triticale (Miedaner et al, 2001, 2004; Góral et al, 2002; Góral and Ochodzki, 2007).
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