Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) can cause contamination of cereal grain with mycotoxins. Triticale is also infected with FHB; however, it is more resistant than wheat to head infection. The aim of this study was to identify triticale lines that combine low head infection with low toxin contamination. Resistance to FHB of 15 winter triticale and three winter wheat lines was evaluated over a three-year experiment established in two locations. At the anthesis stage, heads were inoculated with Fusarium culmorum isolates. The FHB index was scored and the percentage of Fusarium-damaged kernels (FDKs) assessed. The grain was analysed for type B trichothecenes (deoxynivalenol and derivatives, nivalenol) and zearalenone content. The average FHB index was 10.7%. The proportion of FDK was 18.1% (weight) and 21.6% (number). An average content of deoxynivalenol amounted to 7.258 mg/kg and nivalenol to 5.267 mg/kg. In total, it was 12.788 mg/kg of type B trichothecenes. The zearalenone content in the grain was 0.805 mg/kg. Relationships between FHB index, FDK, and mycotoxin contents were statistically significant for triticale lines; however, they were stronger for FDK versus mycotoxins. Triticale lines combing all types of FHB resistance were found, however the most resistant ones were less resistant that wheat lines with the Fhb1 gene.
Highlights
Received: 2 November 2020 Accepted: 19 December 2020 Published: 23 December 2020Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.Triticale (x Triticosecale Wittmack) is the first synthetic successful amphiploid cereal, which originated in 1874, from hybridization of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and rye (Secale cereale L.) [1]
The proportion of Fusarium-damaged kernels was higher in Cerekwica (FDKw = 34.9%; FDK# = 27.9%) than in Radzików (FDKw = 12.7%; FDK# = 11.4%)
The range of reaction was from 0.2% to 47.3% in Radzików and from 0.3% to 84.5% in Cerekwica for FDKw and from 0.6% to 51.4% in Radzików, and from 0.2% to 88.6% in Cerekwica for FDK#
Summary
Received: 2 November 2020 Accepted: 19 December 2020 Published: 23 December 2020Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.Triticale (x Triticosecale Wittmack) is the first synthetic successful amphiploid cereal, which originated in 1874, from hybridization of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and rye (Secale cereale L.) [1]. Received: 2 November 2020 Accepted: 19 December 2020 Published: 23 December 2020. Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Because triticale compromises the beneficial agronomic traits of wheat and the resistance to environmental stresses of rye, at the end of 20th century, the production of this cereal had significantly grown [2,3]. Triticale grain production increased twofold, from six M tons in 1995 to almost 13 M tons in 2018 worldwide. The arable land for wheat (2,417,227 ha) is twice as large as for the triticale species (1,287,969 ha), Poland leads in the production of this crop worldwide. Triticale plants are used in a variety of ways, mostly as grain intended for feed production [3]. As farm animals consume triticale grain and products for human consumption are made from triticale grains, it is important to maintain good quality grains, especially in the case of detrimental compounds content e.g., mycotoxins
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