Abstract
IntroductionHypocalcaemic disorders represent an insufficiency in the adaptive response of the regulatory mechanisms of the main regulatory hormone (parathormone) and vitamin D. Most of the signs and symptoms are due to an increase in neuromuscular excitability. AetiopathogenesisThe most common causes are hypoparathyroidism, a deficiency or anomaly in vitamin D metabolism, renal failure and hypomagnesaemia. Clinicians should measure levels of calcaemia, phosphoraemia, magnesaemia, parathormone and, some times, 25-hydroxyvitamin-D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. TreatmentThe treatment of acute hypocalcaemia depends on its severity, the rate at which it develops and the degree of muscle irritability. Symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with serum calcium levels below 1.9mM (7.6mg/dL) should be treated. The drugs available for treating chronic hypocalcaemia consist of calcium supplements and vitamin D preparations.
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