Abstract
Disorders of water balance and sodium balance are common, specially in hospitalized patients. Water homeostasis is critical for maintaining sodium concentration and tonicity of the plasma within a narrow range for optimal cellular function. Sodium is the primary extracellular solute. Disorders of sodium balance initiate water movement across the cell membrane. Clinical symptoms depend on the severity and rapidity of development of the disorder. Treatment centers on identifying and correcting de underlying cause and restoring normal plasma osmolality. There are different formulas to guide treatment. Frequent monitoring of plasma sodium concentration is necessary to avoid complications.
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