Abstract

蚕豆枯萎病是土传病害, 其发生与蚕豆根系分泌物有密切关系。本文以3个枯萎病不同抗性蚕豆品种--'89-147'(高抗)、'8363'(中抗)和'云豆324'(感病)为材料, 通过水培试验收集根系分泌物, 测定根系分泌物对镰刀菌孢子萌发和菌丝生长的影响, 分析对枯萎病表现出不同抗性的蚕豆品种根系分泌物中糖、氨基酸和有机酸的含量, 分离鉴定了根系分泌物中氨基酸和有机酸的组分。结果表明, 抗病品种的根系分泌物抑制了尖孢镰刀菌的孢子萌发和菌丝生长, 在加入5 mL中抗品种根系分泌物时, 显著促进尖孢镰刀菌孢子萌发, 但对菌丝生长无显著影响; 而在加入1 mL感病品种根系分泌物时, 就能显著促进尖孢镰刀菌孢子萌发和菌丝生长。不同抗性蚕豆品种根系分泌物中氨基酸总量和总糖含量随抗性的降低而升高, 有机酸分泌总量则随蚕豆品种对枯萎病的抗性增加而升高。感病品种和中抗品种中检出15种氨基酸, 而高抗品种中检出14种, 组氨酸只存在于中抗品种中, 脯氨酸仅在感病品种中检出, 3个蚕豆品种根系分泌物中均未检出精氨酸。蚕豆根系分泌物中天门冬氨酸、谷氨酸、苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸和亮氨酸含量高, 可能会促进枯萎病的发生, 而蛋氨酸、赖氨酸和丝氨酸含量高可能抑制枯萎病发生。酒石酸仅在抗病品种中存在, 根系分泌物中有机酸种类丰富, 有助于提高蚕豆对枯萎病的抗性。蚕豆对枯萎病的抗性不同, 根分泌物对镰刀菌孢子萌发和菌丝生长的影响也不同, 而这种抗病性差异与蚕豆根系分泌物中糖、氨基酸、有机酸的含量和组分密切相关。

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