All Sequential Dip-Coating Processed Perovskite Layers from an Aqueous Lead Precursor for High Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells

Muhammad Adnan,Jae Kwan Lee

doi:10.1038/s41598-018-20296-2

Muhammad Adnan, Jae Kwan Lee

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-20296-2

Copy DOI

Journal: Scientific Reports	Publication Date: Feb 1, 2018
Citations: 116	License type: open-access

Affiliation: Chosun University

Abstract

A novel, sequential method of dip-coating a ZnO covered mesoporous TiO2 electrode was performed using a non-halide lead precursor in an aqueous system to form a nanoscale perovskite film. The introduction of a ZnO interfacial layer induced significant adsorption in the non-halide lead precursor system. An efficient successive solid-state ion exchange and reaction process improved the morphology, crystallinity, and stability of perovskite solar cells. Improved surface coverage was achieved using successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction processes. When all sequential dipping conditions were controlled, a notable power conversion efficiency of 12.41% under standard conditions (AM 1.5, 100 mW·cm−2) was achieved for the perovskite solar cells fabricated from an aqueous non-halide lead precursor solution without spin-casting, which is an environmentally benign and low-cost manufacturing processes.

Highlights

Most studies have used toxic high-polarity aprotic organic solvents, such as dimethylformamide, due to the poor solubility of the lead precursors
We have demonstrated an efficient approach for preparing large area MAPbI3 perovskite films using sequential dip-coating deposition with ionic layer adsorption of Pb(NO3)[2] in aqueous solvent followed by reaction with MAI
A new solid-state ion-exchange and reaction (SSIER) approach was developed to prevent the decomposition of MAPbI3 perovskite structures formed from Pb(NO3)[2] and MAI, which was rapidly followed by ion-exchange reactions with unreacted Pb(NO3)[2] even in the solid-state

Summary

Introduction

Most studies have used toxic high-polarity aprotic organic solvents, such as dimethylformamide, due to the poor solubility of the lead precursors. The successive solid-state ion-exchange and reaction (SSIER) with the Pb(NO3)[2] layer resulted in improved crystallinity, morphology, and coverage as well as stability of the MAPbI3 film compared to materials produced by long-time dipping in MAI solution.

Results

Conclusion