Abstract
Abstract Optical modulation technique plays a crucial role in photonics technologies, and there is an ever-increasing demand for broadband and ultrafast optical modulation in the era of artificial intelligence. All-optical modulation is known to be able to operate in an ultrafast way and has a broadband response, showing great potential in applications for ultrafast information processing and photonic computing. Two-dimensional (2D) materials with exotic optoelectronic properties bring tremendous new opportunities for all-optical modulators with excellent performance, which have attracted lots of attention recently. In this review, we cover the state-of-art all-optical modulation based on 2D materials, including graphene, transitional metal dichalcogenides, phosphorus, and other novel 2D materials. We present the operations mechanism of different types of all-optical modulators with various configurations, such as fiber-integrated and free-space ones. We also discuss the challenges and opportunities faced by all-optical modulation, as well as offer some future perspectives for the development of all-optical modulation based on 2D materials.
Highlights
Introduction“Photonics will be in the twenty-first century what electronics was in the 20th century,” John S
Optical modulation technique plays a crucial role in photonics technologies, and there is an everincreasing demand for broadband and ultrafast optical modulation in the era of artificial intelligence
All-optical modulation is known to be able to operate in an ultrafast way and has a broadband response, showing great potential in applications for ultrafast information processing and photonic computing
Summary
“Photonics will be in the twenty-first century what electronics was in the 20th century,” John S. A great deal of 2D materials have been successfully isolated and studied, including transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) [10] and black phosphorus [11] These materials, consisting of only one or a few atomic layers, show excitonic and distinct electronic and optical properties compared to their three-dimensional counterparts, which have brought tremendous new opportunities for nanoscale electronics and photonics [12,13,14,15,16]. Among these emerging possibilities, all-optical modulation based on 2D materials has shown great potential for optoelectronic applications.
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