Abstract
AbstractA review on all-fiber lasers based on photonic crystal fibers is presented. Photonic crystal fibers present improved features beyond what conventional optical fibers can offer. Due to their geometric versatility, photonic crystal fibers can present special properties and abilities which can lead to enhanced lasing structures. A brief description of photonic crystal fibers and fiber laser’s properties is presented. All-fiber laser structures developed using photonic crystal fibers are described and divided in two groups, depending on the cavity topology: ring cavity fiber lasers and linear cavity fiber lasers. All-fiber lasers applications in the photonic crystal fiber related sensing field are described.
Highlights
Fiber lasers development had a huge impact in fields such as medicine, sensing, communications and materials processing
Using a Mach-Zehnder interferometer filter based in splicing a section of few-mode photonic crystal fiber and two segments of SMF, a switchable multiwavelength fiber ring laser was accomplished [108]
There is a diversity of all-fiber lasers based on photonic crystal fibers
Summary
Fiber lasers development had a huge impact in fields such as medicine, sensing, communications and materials processing. After a groundwork study of the first few low-order modes in the visible region of the spectrum [5], optical fibers were proposed for the first time as cavities for lasers [6], showing that the principal advantages for maser applications were the mode selection and the stronger mode coupling It was only in 1964 that the first fiber laser was demonstrated [7], using 1 m neodymium glass core fiber in a spring-shaped coil slipped around a linear flashlamp. An evident restriction is the material selection for the core and cladding in order to have matching thermal, chemical and optical properties; other limitations are related to its geometry and refractive index profile, which does not allow freely engineering fiber optic characteristics such as inherent losses, dispersion, nonlinearity and birefringence [10] These limitations and restrictions lead to the appearance of photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) in 1996. PCFs can be divided in two families based on their geometry: solidcore and hollow-core PCFs
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