ALL-436 Association Between ABO and Rh Blood Groups and Pediatric Hematological Malignances in Armenia

Abstract

Despite the higher incidence of hematological malignances, their etiology is not clearly understood. In some reports, the risk of these diseases and survival are associated with ABO blood groups and rhesus. According to World Population Review, Armenia belongs to the ten countries with the highest prevalence of type A+ blood. The investigation of the association between pediatric hematological malignances and both ABO and Rh blood groups in Armenia. Retrospective analysis of ABO blood groups and Rh factor in children with cancer aged 0-18 years between 1995 and 2021 were performed. All the statistical information was taken from clinical records available in Hematology Center after Prof. R.H. Yeolyan. The number of children diagnosed with hematological malignances was 798. Male/female ratio was 1.5. Among 577 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), A+ blood group was the most common (43.67% [252]), followed by O+ (25.48% [147]), B+ (10.92% [63]), AB+ (6.93% [40]), A- (5.89 % [34]), O- (4.33% [25]) and B- (2.08% [12]), AB- (0.69% [4]). A+ was also the highest (46.42% [39]) in 84 children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in comparison to the other groups: O+ (20.2% [17]), B+ (14.2% [12]), AB+ (2.38% [2]), A- (5.95% [5]), O- (8.3% [7]), B- (2.38% [2]). Unlike the patients with ALL and AML, the increase of AB+ portion was discovered among 81 cases of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL): A+ (38.2% [31]), O+ (23.5% [19]), B+ (11.1% [9]), AB+ (13.58% [11]), A- (7.4% [6]), O- (3.7% [3]), B- (1.23% [1]), AB-(1.23% [1]). The blood group of 16 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) included O+ (37.5% [6]); A+ (31.25% [5]), B+ (6.25% [1]), AB+ (6.25% [1]), A- (18.75% [3]). ABO blood group distribution in 40 cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) was O+ (37.5% [15]), A+ (32.5% [13]), B+ (17.5% [7]), A- (5% [2]), O-(2.5% [1]), AB+ (2.5% [1]), AB- (2.5% [1]). The analysis showed that children with A+ blood type in Armenia are most affected by hematological malignances in comparison with the ones who inherited the rest of blood groups. In order to evaluate the risk of developing hematological malignances depending on blood types, further investigations are needed.