Abstract
The reaction of isobutane and butenes were examined over two different zeolite catalyst systems, ZSM-5 and REHY. It was found that ZSM-5 is inactive due to its constrained pore size; REHY is active but ages rapidly. Analysis of the product distributions from the zeolite catalysts suggests that like the liquid-phase acid catalyst systems (HF and H2SO4), ‘olefin conjunct polymerization’ is probably the dominant reaction occurring initially. However, unlike the liquid-phase systems, the ‘sludge’ hydrocarbons (coke precursors) produced by the reaction age the catalysts so that further alkylation of isobutane is limited and only polymerization proceeds. Furthermore, the product selectivity appears to be diffusion controlled; the formation of the desirable 2,2,4- and 2,2,3-trimethylpentane isomers is restricted even in the large-pore REHY.
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