Abstract
A diet is healthy when it encourages good health and reduces the risk of diet-related chronic diseases. Epidemiological research has demonstrated a close relationship between diet and the risk of developing these chronic diseases, which are characterized by high morbidity and mortality. Consequently reference intakes that would serve as a guide to guarantee a healthy nutritional status should be established. The Mediterranean diet is a tradition that goes back for more than a hundred years and which contributes to excellent nutritional status; this diet is highly palatable and forms part of global culture. Some of the most rigorous and recent studies on the relationship between unhealthy lifestyle and the risk of disease are reviewed.
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