Abstract
Aliarcobacter butzleri is the most prevalent Aliarcobacter species and has been isolated from a wide variety of sources. This species is an emerging foodborne and zoonotic pathogen because the bacteria can be transmitted by contaminated food or water and can cause acute enteritis in humans. Currently, there is no database to identify antimicrobial/heavy metal resistance and virulence-associated genes specific for A. butzleri. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility and resistance profile of two A. butzleri isolates from Muscovy ducks (Cairina moschata) reared on a water poultry farm in Thuringia, Germany, and to create a database to fill this capability gap. The taxonomic classification revealed that the isolates belong to the Aliarcobacter gen. nov. as A. butzleri comb. nov. The antibiotic susceptibility was determined using the gradient strip method. While one of the isolates was resistant to five antibiotics, the other isolate was resistant to only two antibiotics. The presence of antimicrobial/heavy metal resistance genes and virulence determinants was determined using two custom-made databases. The custom-made databases identified a large repertoire of potential resistance and virulence-associated genes. This study provides the first resistance and virulence determinants database for A. butzleri.
Highlights
The genus Arcobacter was included in the family Campylobacteraceae in 1991 [1]
The Aliarcobacter isolates from fecal samples were cultivated in Arcobacter broth (Oxoid GmbH, Wesel, Germany) which was supplemented with three different antibiotics (cefoperazone, amphotericin, and teicoplanin (CAT), Oxoid GmbH)
The analysis showed that all A. butzleri strains had less than 67% and related to A. butzleri than C. jejuni subsp. jejuni and H. pylori
Summary
The genus Arcobacter has recently been reorganized and is separated into six different genera: Arcobacter, Aliarcobacter, Halarcobacter, Malaciobacter, Poseidonibacter, and Pseudarcobacter [2,3,4,5]. Arcobacter spp. are distributed over those genera, with Arcobacter butzleri ( Aliarcobacter butzleri) belonging to the genus Aliarcobacter (A.) [2,3,4,6,7]. A. butzleri usually causes self-limiting acute enteritis associated with watery diarrhea, nausea, abdominal pain and sometimes fever in humans [8,9]. A long-term study showed that A. butzleri is the fourth most common Campylobacter-like organism isolated from human feces [11]. A. butzleri may cause bacteremia [8,12]
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