Algoritmo de modelo termoconductivo para el cálculo preciso de temperaturas en conductores eléctricos de potencia

Abstract

The thermal-conductive models for the calculation of the electrical conductors and their energy dissipations have been able to solve doubts about the power conductors, which has been permanently unsuspected. Before thinking about thermally characterizing an electrical conductor, it was enough with the application of simple Joule-type equations, with constant resistive intrinsic properties in the conductor, as well as invariable considerations in the conditions that surround the conductor. In fact, just as is exposed, this has been published on the top of the best known electrical standards, such as those issued by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), as well as those edited by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). It has been demonstrated that electric cables with higher electrical intensities, move away from the behavior predicted by the Joule type models, sometimes with energy dissipations 50% higher than those predicted by Joule. This is due to the non-linearities of the intrinsic properties of the cable, and the inconsistency of the environmental conditions surrounding the cable at the time it is going to heat. The novel thermal-conductive models with just ten years of development, are today a very complete solution with unparalleled accuracy (errors less than 0.01% in energy and temperature) in the thermal predictions of conductors; but due to its high degree of mathematical complexity requires in the most of cases to use numerical methods to obtain practical solutions. In this paper a new general algorithm is shown, which stands out for its simplicity compared to the first thermoconductive models, solving the models in thermal predictions of power electrical cables, without the need of huge databases, with simplicity, maneuverability and excellent practical results.