Abstract
Osteoporosis represents a major health problem in terms of compromising bone strength and increasing the risk of bone fractures. It can be medically treated with bisphosphonates, which act systemically upon oral or venous administration. Further, bone regenerative treatments in osteoporotic conditions present a challenge. Here, we focused on the development of a synthetic bone substitute material with local diminishing effects on osteoporosis. Composites were created using calcium phosphate cement (CPC; 60 wt%) and polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA; 40 wt%), which were loaded with alendronate (ALN). In vitro results showed that ALN-loaded CPC/PLGA composites presented clinically suitable properties, including setting times, appropriate compressive strength, and controlled release of ALN, the latter being dependent on composite degradation. Using a rat femoral condyle bone defect model in osteoporotic animals, ALN-loaded CPC/PLGA composites demonstrated stimulatory effects on bone formation both within and outside the defect region.
Highlights
Osteoporosis is the most frequent human metabolic bone disorder affecting over 75 million people in Europe, Japan and the USA1
ALN loading via the liquid phase significantly increased setting times of both Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) and CPC/polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) formulations
We evaluated the efficacy of CPC and CPC/PLGA as a local ALN release system in a rat femoral condyle bone defect in osteoporotic rats
Summary
Osteoporosis is the most frequent human metabolic bone disorder affecting over 75 million people in Europe, Japan and the USA1. Osteoporosis is characterized by reduced bone mineral density causing lower bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue micro-architecture This results from an imbalance between the continuous bone formation and resorption during bone remodeling and an altered variety of proteins in the extracellular matrix of the bone[8,9]. Previous in vitro studies proved a successful incorporation of bisphosphonates into ceramic bone substitutes[21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33] These studies showed altered but still acceptable material properties, steady release of the bisphosphonate with inhibition of osteoclasts and stimulation of osteoblast. These all showed positive results of the material on bone formation
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