Alcohol Use Disorder and Dementia: A Review.

This study examined the relationship between sleep disorders and the risk of dementia in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. This study used the Korean Health Screening Cohort data and included 39 135 subjects aged ≥40 years with new-onset type 2 diabetes between 2004 and 2007, with follow-up throughout 2013. Sleep disorders were measured by F51(sleep disorders not due to a substance or known physiological condition) or G47(sleep disorders) under International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) codes as a primary diagnosis, and the adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) and 95% CI of all-cause dementia, Alzheimer disease, vascular dementia, and other dementia were estimated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models. In the patients with type 2 diabetes with an age range between 42 and 84 years (M = 57.8, SD = 9.5), this study identified 2059 events of dementia during an average follow-up time of 5.7 years. In patients with type 2 diabetes, subjects with sleep disorders were associated with an increased risk of all-cause dementia (AHR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.19-1.80), Alzheimer disease (AHR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.02-1.88), and other dementia (AHR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.23-2.31) compared to those without sleep disorders. Men (AHR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.42-2.62) and older adults (AHR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.35-2.15) with sleep disorders were associated with an increased risk of dementia than their counterparts without sleep disorders among patients with type 2 diabetes. These findings suggest that sleep disorders are significantly associated with an increased risk of dementia in patients with new-onset type 2 diabetes.

Dementia risk assessment tools: an update.

Growing evidence supports a strong and likely causal association between cardiovascular disease (CVD), and its risk factors, with incidence of cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease. Individuals with subclinical CVD are at higher risk for dementia and Alzheimer's. Several cardiovascular risk factors are also risk factors for dementia, including hypertension, high LDL cholesterol, low HDL cholesterol and especially diabetes. Moderate alcohol appears to be protective for both CVD and dementia. In contrast, inflammatory markers predict cardiovascular risk, but not dementia, despite biological plausibility for such a link. The substantial overlap in risk factors points to new avenues for research and prevention.

Alcohol use disorder is associated with higher risks of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases: A study of US insurance claims data.

This study examined routine computerized screening for alcohol and drug use of men and women seeking outpatient psychiatric services (excluding chemical dependency treatment) and prevalence based on electronic medical records of consecutive admissions. The sample of 422 patients, ages 18-91, completed a self-administered questionnaire. Measures included 30-day, one-year, and lifetime substance use and alcohol-related problems. Seventy-five percent of patients completed electronic intakes during the study period. Prior-month alcohol use was reported by 90 men (70%) and 180 women (62%). Of these patients, heavy drinking (five or more drinks on one occasion) was reported by 37 men (41%) and 41 women (23%). Prior-month cannabis use was reported by 17 men (13%) and 32 women (11%). Computerized intake systems that include alcohol and drug screening can be integrated into outpatient psychiatric settings. Heavy drinking and use of nonprescribed drugs are commonly reported, which provides an important intervention opportunity.

Computerized Screening for Alcohol and Drug Use Among Adults Seeking Outpatient Psychiatric Services

Alcohol and tobacco use disorder comorbidity in young adults and the influence of romantic partner environments

Identifying and Reducing Bias in Genome-Wide Association Studies of Alcohol-Related Traits.

Objective: To investigate in a community sample the association of suicide-related cognitions and behaviors (“thoughts of death”, “desire for death”, “suicidal thoughts”, and “suicidal attempts”) with the comorbidity of depressive disorders (major depressive episode or dysthymia) and alcohol or substance use disorders. Method: The sample was 1464 subjects interviewed in their homes using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview to generate DSM-III-R diagnosis. Descriptive statistics depicted the prevalence of suicide-related cognitions and behaviors by socio-demographic variables and diagnoses considered (major depressive episode, dysthymia, alcohol or substance use disorders). We performed a multivariate logistic regression analysis to estimate the effect of comorbid major depressive episode/dysthymia and alcohol or substance use disorders on each of the suicide-related cognitions and behaviors. Results: The presence of major depressive episode and dysthymia was significantly associated with suicide-related cognitions and behaviors. In the regression models, suicide-related cognitions and behaviors were predicted by major depressive episode (OR = range 2.3-9.2) and dysthymia (OR = range 5.1-32.6), even in the presence of alcohol use disorders (OR = range 2.3-4.0) or alcohol or substance use disorders (OR = range 2.7-2.8). The interaction effect was observed between major depressive episode and alcohol use disorders, as well as between dysthymia and gender. Substance use disorders were excluded from most of the models. Conclusion: Presence of major depressive episode and dysthymia influences suiciderelated cognitions and behaviors, independently of the presence of alcohol or substance use disorders. However, alcohol use disorders and gender interact with depressive disorders, displaying a differential effect on suicide-related cognitions and behaviors. Descriptors: Suicide; Depression; Dysthymic disorder; Alcohol-related disorders; Comorbidity

Neurodegenerative Dementias: Improving Brain Health to Decrease Risk.

Conversation with <scp>C</scp>onnie <scp>W</scp>eisner

Changing Epidemiology of Cirrhosis and Hepatic Encephalopathy

The Cognition–Kidney Disease Connection: Lessons From Population-Based Studies in the United States

Psychiatric Correlates of Alcohol and Tobacco Use Disorders in U.S. Adults Aged 65 Years and Older: Results from the 2001–2002 National Epidemiologic Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions

Circulation: Clinical Summaries.