Year-end Sale % OFF 
Abstract
Severe polytraumatic injury initiates a robust immune response. Broad immune dysfunction in patients with such injuries has been well-documented; however, early biomarkers of immune dysfunction post-injury, which are critical for comprehensive intervention and can predict the clinical course of patients, have not been reported. Current circulating markers such as IL-6 and IL-10 are broad, non-specific, and lag behind the clinical course of patients. General blockade of the inflammatory response is detrimental to patients, as a certain degree of regulated inflammation is critical and necessary following trauma. Exosomes, small membrane-bound extracellular vesicles, found in a variety of biofluids, carry within them a complex functional cargo, comprised of coding and non-coding RNAs, proteins, and metabolites. Composition of circulating exosomal cargo is modulated by changes in the intra- and extracellular microenvironment, thereby serving as a homeostasis sensor. With its extensively documented involvement in immune regulation in multiple pathologies, study of exosomal cargo in polytrauma patients can provide critical insights on trauma-specific, temporal immune dysregulation, with tremendous potential to serve as unique biomarkers and therapeutic targets for timely and precise intervention.
Highlights
Academic Editor: Barbara CanonicoReceived: 31 December 2020Accepted: 29 March 2021Published: 31 March 2021Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Trauma is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide [1,2,3,4,5]
Previous research has demonstrated the role of exosomes and their cargo in the development, control, and resolution of inflammation
Characterization of their role in inflammatory immunological processes indicates they are pivotal in many pathological states
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Blast-related polytraumatic injuries caused by explosive munitions are responsible for 72% of North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) coalition combat casualties in the Global War on Terror [14] Often during their hospital course, these patients develop severe life-threatening inflammation-mediated complications, to include systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), compensatory anti-inflammatory response syndrome (CARS), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), pneumonia, sepsis, multi-organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), and/or multiple organ failure (MOF). Identification of reliable biomarkers of aberrant inflammation early post-injury to predict clinical outcomes and guide treatment is critical This requires a thorough understanding of the complex local and systemic communication network between cells, molecular mediators, various signal pathways, and feedback loops that initiate and regulate the trauma-induced inflammatory response. We highlight the role of exosomes in the response to severe trauma and discuss the possibility of bioactive molecules contained within exosomes to serve as biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of trauma-associated inflammation and complications
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
