Abstract
The ray solution to the problem of sound transmission across a smooth air-water interface [A. A. Hudimac, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 29, 916 (1957)] is extended to the case of a rough boundary simulating the ocean surface. A Gaussian distribution of wave slopes was assumed with a variance which is wind dependent. The problem was made two dimensional by considering the wave disturbance limited to swells of indefinite lateral extent. Time averaged transmission losses were computed numerically for a number of source and receiver positions for a point source in air and a receiver in water. A comparison is made for the smooth and rough surface situations. Waves give rise to an improvement in transmission, which increases with wind speed. For a smooth surface the intensity falls off at great ranges as 1/r4, while for the rough surface it tends toward 1/r2. (This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research under contract.)
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