Abstract
For a conventional narrowband radar system, its insufficient bandwidth usually leads to the lack of detectable information of the target, and it is difficult for the radar to classify the target types, such as rotor helicopter, propeller aircraft, and jet aircraft. To address the classification problem of three different types of aircraft target, a joint multifeature classification method based on the micro-Doppler effect in the echo caused by the target micromotion is proposed in this paper. Through the characteristics analysis of the target simulation echoes obtained from the target scattering point model, four features with obvious distinguishability are extracted from the time domain and frequency domain, respectively, that is, flicker interval, fractal dimension, modulation bandwidth, and second central moment. Then, a support vector machine model will be applied to the classification of the three different types of aircraft. Compared with the conventional method, the proposed method has better classification performance and can significantly improve the classification probability of aircraft target. The simulations are carried out to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Highlights
Modern warfare is a four-dimensional integration of land, sea, air, and space, in which the aircraft target has the superiority of high mobility and usually acts as the vanguard of the war
Compared with the working mode of using low-resolution radar to search targets with high-resolution radar for target classification, if the function of target classification can be directly extended in low-resolution radar, it can avoid the system complexity brought by large bandwidth to the radar and greatly optimize the operational performance of the existing narrowband radar
The characteristics of Doppler shift, amplitude fluctuation, and time-frequency spectrum are directly extracted to classify the three types of targets, which are susceptible to unfavorable factors such as noise and computation, and the classification probability is not high
Summary
Modern warfare is a four-dimensional integration of land, sea, air, and space, in which the aircraft target has the superiority of high mobility and usually acts as the vanguard of the war. In the field of aircraft target classification and identification, the research on broadband radar is widely reported, and most of its main methods are based on high-resolution range profile [1,2,3], inverse synthetic aperture imaging [4, 5], and image processing [6,7,8]. Reference [18] extracts features with obvious differentiation such as Doppler shift, relative amplitude and waveform entropy in time and frequency domains, and Rayleigh entropy of time-frequency spectrum through feature analysis of a large amount of measured echo data This method has obvious drawbacks: (1) using the Doppler shift as a classification feature must ensure that the flight directions of three types of targets do not differ greatly, which is basically impossible for the noncooperative target. Propeller and jet aircraft are modeled in a similar way and are no longer described here
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