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Abstract
Abstract. Measurements of gaseous pollutants – including ozone (O3), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOX = NO + NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), particle number concentrations (5.6–560 nm and 0.47–30 μm) – and meteorological parameters (T, RH, P) were conducted during the Campaigns of Air Quality Research in Beijing and Surrounding Regions in 2008 (CAREBeijing-2008), from 27 August through 13 October 2008. The data from a total 18 flights (70 h flight time) from near the surface to 2100 m altitude were obtained with a Yun-12 aircraft in the southern surrounding areas of Beijing (38–40° N, 114–118° E). The objectives of these measurements were to characterize the regional variation of air pollution during and after the Olympics of 2008, determine the importance of air mass trajectories and to evaluate of other factors that influence the pollution characteristics. The results suggest that there are primarily four distinct sources that influenced the magnitude and properties of the pollutants in the measured region based on back-trajectory analysis: (1) southerly transport of air masses from regions with high pollutant emissions, (2) northerly and northeasterly transport of less pollutant air from further away, (3) easterly transport from maritime sources where emissions of gaseous pollutant are less than from the south but still high in particle concentrations, and (4) the transport of air that is a mixture from different regions; that is, the air at all altitudes measured by the aircraft was not all from the same sources. The relatively long-lived CO concentration is shown to be a possible transport tracer of long-range transport from the northwesterly direction, especially at the higher altitudes. Three factors that influenced the size distribution of particles – i.e., air mass transport direction, ground source emissions and meteorological influences – are also discussed.
Highlights
The air quality in Beijing and the surrounding area has worsened since the introduction of motor vehicles in the 1950s, continuing industrialization and widespread use of coal for power production
The federal, provincial and city governments have been addressing this problem with the introduction of many new pollution control measures in an attempt to reduce emissions in general and in Beijing due to the publicity generated by the Olympic Games (Beijing Organizing Committee of the XXIX Olympic Games, 2005; Streets et al, 2007)
Aircraft monitoring above Beijing City was not allowed during the Olympic periods; the flight routes were chosen to be around Tianjin and Hebei Province in the southern part of Beijing
Summary
The air quality in Beijing and the surrounding area has worsened since the introduction of motor vehicles in the 1950s, continuing industrialization and widespread use of coal for power production. W. Zhang et al.: Airborne measurements of gas and particle pollutants of Air Quality Research in Beijing and Surrounding Regions in 2006 (CAREBeijing-2006)”, was conducted in the summer of 2006 to evaluate the magnitude of the pollution problem. Other aircraft observations from the Transport and Chemical Evolution over the Pacific Experiment (TRACE-P; Tu et al, 2003) showed substantial concentrations of SO2 over the Pacific downwind of China (Dickerson et al, 2007) Another Chinese–American joint project, EAST-AIRE (the East Asian Study of Tropospheric Aerosols: an International Regional Experiment; Li et al, 2007) investigated the vertical distribution of pollutants and dust over east Asia from eight flights under a variety of weather conditions in northeastern China centered over Shenyang, a large industrial city 650 km northeast of Beijing, shedding light on the mechanisms of long-range pol-. As part of CAREBeijing-2008, this presentation here summarizes the regional variations in gaseous and particulate pollutants during and after the Olympics of 2008 from 18 measurement flights and discusses the factors that influenced the characteristics of these pollutants
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