Abstract
The specific objective of this study was to investigate regional spatiotemporal distributions and spatial correlations of energy and water consumption in open, semi-closed, and completely closed greenhouse systems in Ontario. The findings showed that the energy and water consumptions were both spatially and system dependent. Latitude and longitude both significantly predicted total energy and water consumptions. Altitude was significant in conventional and open heat pump systems’ energy consumptions. Semi-closed and open heat pump systems were the most energy conserving systems while closed system was the most water conserving. Semi-closed and closed systems at lower latitudes had more water consumptions. Open system had more water consumption at higher latitudes and longitudes compared to those at lower latitudes and longitudes, respectively. Locations in the southwest (a major greenhouse region in Ontario) had the lowest energy consumptions in all systems.
Published Version
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