Abstract
Urban air pollution has become a major concern for numerous densely populated cities globally since poor air quality may cause various health problems. The first crucial step towards solving this important problem is to identify the most critical areas with the highest air pollution over the allowed limit. Nowadays, air pollution is monitored by various stationary measurement systems that are expensive, large, consume a big amount of energy and gathered data has a low spatial resolution. This paper presents EnvioDev, a mobile air quality and traffic conditions measurement device for Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) that can be used on any type of a vehicle. EnvioDev was tested in a real-world urban environment measuring CO, CH4 and LPG concentrations, as well as air temperature and humidity in order to create a city pollution map and the results are presented in the paper. Moreover, in order to determine how many EnvioDev devices are required to obtain close to a real-time air quality map of an urban area, three experiments with Simulation of Urban Mobility (SUMO) simulator were conducted. In the experiments an urban city map was divided into five zones and data aggregation frequencies are varied during different traffic load periods in order to study the number of required vehicles with EnvioDev measurement device. The obtained results show that by increasing the data aggregation frequency the number of required vehicles with EnvioDev measurement device increases and it is depended on the size and topology of the testing area.
Highlights
Air pollution is one of the major global environmental problem and air quality is decreasing in numerous world's cities, especially in densely populated areas
This paper describes an inexpensive and reliable air quality and traffic conditions measuring device EnvioDev - ENVironmental Input/Output DEvice for Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs)
Communication capabilities of EnvioDev can be extended by using Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) technology designed for VANETs with V2V or V2I communication models [15] or Internet of Things (IoT) technology that is emerging in VANETs recently [16]
Summary
Air pollution is one of the major global environmental problem and air quality is decreasing in numerous world's cities, especially in densely populated areas. By providing real-time environmental and traffic data to relevant authorities, living conditions such as air quality, noise distribution and traffic load, especially in urban areas, can be dramatically improved. Such devices would enable scientists and epidemiologists to efficiently gather and process useful information, conduct research based on influence of ultrafine pollution particle effect on health conditions, fast react in a case of disasters and implement local and global pollution policies. The main research and development challenges and problems in this paper include building a reliable, affordable and as small as possible environmental condition measurement device that can be placed on various types of vehicles and used for real-time measurements of a target area.
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