Abstract
This article explains about the development of an optical sensor system to detect and measure ammonia emission in the agricultural field. At initial stage, an open path optical technique where a cylindrical chamber is used to detect low concentration of ammonia in the UV region. The methodology describing the working principle of the sensor and the wavelengths combination technique to enhance the Lower Detection Limit of the measurement. The result demonstrates that the developed optical sensor is able to measure ammonia concentration at around 212 nm. It also shows that by combining intensities at 2 adjacent wavelengths, the Lower Detection Limit has been improved to 2.25 ppm and 1 s response time is retained. Then the system is tested to monitor ammonia pollution in the cattle barn in Tipperary, Ireland. It shows that the developed system is able to detect and measure very low ammonia concentration which is below 2 ppm.
Highlights
There are numerous sorts of ammonia (NH3) sensors which have their own favorable circumstances and problems and have been reported in details in another journal [1]
This article explains about the development of an optical sensor system to detect and measure ammonia emission in the agricultural field
As indicated by the Toxicological Profile for Ammonia gave by the U.S Branch of Health and Human Services, NH3 reacts promptly upon contact with accessible moisture on the human body, for example, skin, nose, eyes, throat, respiratory parcel, and especially mucous surfaces, to develop the acidic ammonium hydroxide [6]
Summary
There are numerous sorts of ammonia (NH3) sensors which have their own favorable circumstances and problems and have been reported in details in another journal [1]. Only a few sensors can distinguish extremely low concentration of NH3 (under 10 ppm) within a short time which is under 3 s. As indicated by the Toxicological Profile for Ammonia gave by the U.S Branch of Health and Human Services, NH3 reacts promptly upon contact with accessible moisture on the human body, for example, skin, nose, eyes, throat, respiratory parcel, and especially mucous surfaces, to develop the acidic ammonium hydroxide [6]. It is discovered that NH3 concentration as low as 7 ppm in encased structures can cause respiratory side effects towards agricultural workers essentially because of their extensive and repeated exposure to it. The exposed pigs were seen as clinically depressed and the development paces of the youthful pigs were decreased by 12 percent [14] The impact of this NH3 exposure can increase expenses of cultivating and degeneration of the ranchers' profitability. Dewey et al [15] recommended that continuous checking of NH3 concentration in an encased structure is important to guarantee the soundness of the ranchers just as the animals
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