Abstract
Abstract Interactive effects of air and soil temperature on flowering of 4- and 12-year-old ‘Frost Valencia’ orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] budded on trifoliate orange rootstocks [Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.] were determined in controlled environments. Quiescent trees were subjected to 1 of 4 environmental treatments consisting of 2 day-night air temperature regimes in 2 glasshouses and 2 constant soil temperatures in each house. Total bud break was increased by warm soils (25°C) compared with cool soils (15°). In contrast, the initiation of flowers on the new shoots was mainly influenced by air temperature, with more flowers in cooler air (20/15°, day/night) than at temperatures of 30/15°. Lower air temperature, however, resulted in more leafless floral shoots while the greatest number of leafy floral shoots was produced with both warmer soil and higher air temperature.
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