AI-Based Scheme for the Protection of Power Systems Networks Due to Incorporation of Distributed Generations

Abstract

During last two decades, the scenario of power generation has been shifted from centrally to the distributed power generation. With the advancement in distributed generation (DG) integrating technology and devices, the complexity of interconnection of DGs with the power network has been greatly reduced. Therefore, nowadays, to mitigate the local end power demand, the consumers are integrating various renewable energy sources (RESs) based DGs with the existing utility network. The RES based power is economical and provides better reliability. Further, the surplus power would be transferred to the utility network, which will ultimately benefit in terms of revenue for the consumer. Besides, the advantages, the DG integration also create several issues such as unintentional islanding, non-detection zone (NDZ) for protective device, bidirectional power flow, increase in fault current, deterioration of quality of power, and improper coordination between various protective devices. Among all these technical issues, protection like islanding, improper coordination among various protective devices, NDZ, and stability during various external disturbances are extremely important. In this chapter, a bibliographical assessment, mathematical formulations, and general backgrounds of various AI-based techniques, presented in the field of protection of power system networks during higher penetration of DGs, are thoroughly discussed. Different techniques for islanding and various methods for mis-coordination between several protective devices are studied and assessment of them is carried out with their benefits and shortcomings for identification of optimum technique as applied to specific applications. Towards the end, the viewpoint of an innovative adaptive digital relaying scheme is also conceptualized.