Abstract
Modern agriculture is impossible without the use of high balanced doses of mineral fertilizers. Mineral fertilizers in the modern volumes of their application are a powerful anthropogenic factor that increases the level of supply of agricultural crops with nutrients, but did not ensure the stability of yields. The long-term use of high doses of fertilizers does not allow to reach a deficit-free balance of fertilizer elements in agriculture and crop production. Studies of many scientists have shown that the long-term use of mineral fertilizers, in addition to the direct effect, causes a number of side effects, and contributes to the development of pronounced acidification of soils. This effect is observed in all agricultural zones, regardless of soil types. It is more pronounced on initially genetically acidic sod-podzolic and gray forest soils, but also on chernozems, which were considered resistant to acidification development. The consequences of soil acidification are manifested in the mobility and, as a result, the availability of fertilizer elements. Nevertheless, the main effect of soil acidification when using fertilizers is the lack of absorbed bases, which causes their progressive degradation. The acidification effect can be compensated by regular (once per rotation) liming.
Highlights
At the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries, Russian agriculture underwent a radical restructuring, it should have been about its catastrophic destruction
It should be noted that the hopes placed on mineral fertilizers to increase the yield of agricultural crops were not justified
This pattern, which we have identified, is confirmed for the pH of the salt extract according to the data obtained
Summary
At the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries, Russian agriculture underwent a radical restructuring, it should have been about its catastrophic destruction. In India and China, over the past 40 years (as of 2012), the use of mineral fertilizers per unit area has increased 49 and 40 times, respectively These countries with more than a billion people have become leaders in grain production and have fed their own population. If in China it was at the level of 4.69 t/ha, France - 6.92, Germany - 7.47 t/ha and even in Turkey - 2.34, and in Russia 2.15 t/ha, with a global average of 2.96 t/ha This is despite the fact that Russia is one of the leaders in the production of mineral fertilizers.
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