Carbon-saving technologies in precision farming

Abstract

The experimental data on gray forest soils were obtained. The soil cover is represented by gray forest soils with a second humus horizon and gray forest soils of various degrees of podzolization. The fertilization systems had a significant effect on the differentiation of agrochemical properties of soil varieties. When applying mineral fertilizers of 129 kg/ha in the second crop rotation against the background of 6.7 t/ha of manure, an increase in exchangeable potassium and mobile phosphorus occurs. The introduction of mineral fertilizers (dose 187 kg/ha, third crop rotation) led to the deterioration of the physic-chemical properties of soil, an increase in hydrolytic acidity and a decrease in the humus content. The data obtained indicate that the systematic application of high doses of mineral fertilizers led to the restructuring of microbial cenosis towards toxin-forming microorganisms. Most of the microbial cenosis consisted of micromycetes (86–94%). The soils with a higher humus content possessed more favorable water-physical properties. Thus, the high humus content showed higher productivity of agricultural crops with organic and organomineral fertilization systems. The use of high doses mineral fertilizers worsened the properties of the soil, reduced the productivity of agricultural crops and led to deterioration in the soil biological activity.